css的经典布局:行布局、列布局、两栏布局6种方法、三栏布局6种方法

导读:本篇文章讲解 css的经典布局:行布局、列布局、两栏布局6种方法、三栏布局6种方法,希望对大家有帮助,欢迎收藏,转发!站点地址:www.bmabk.com

一、行布局

经典的行布局,页面结构是头、主体内容、尾一行行排列。常应用于网站的首页。

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .header,
        .main,
        .footer {
            /*居中*/
            margin: 0 auto;
            /*宽度自适应*/
            width: 80%;
            min-width: 1200px;
            text-align: center;
            color: #fff;
        }

        .header {
            position: fixed;
            /*头部固定*/
            right: 0;
            left: 0;
            height: 60px;
            line-height: 60px;
            background-color: rgb(185, 143, 224);
            z-index: 1;
        }

        .main {
            position: relative;
            top: 60px;
            padding-top: 60px;
            height: 600px;
            line-height: 600px;
            background-color: rgb(210, 155, 185);
        }

        .footer {
            position: relative;
            height: 100px;
            line-height: 100px;
            background-color: rgb(151, 201, 184);
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <header class="header">Header</header>
    <main class="main">Main</main>
    <footer class="footer">Footer</footer>
</body>

</html>
<script>

</script>

当鼠标往下滑的时候,header固定

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二、列布局

经典的列布局,页面结构按列划分排列

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .left,
        .main,
        .right {
            text-align: center;
        }

        .left {
            float: left;
            width: 20%;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }

        .main {
            float: left;
            width: 60%;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: blueviolet;
        }

        .right {
            float: right;
            width: 20%;
            height: 500px;
            background-color: pink;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="left">left</div>
    <div class="main">main</div>
    <div class="right">right</div>
</body>

</html>
<script>

</script>

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三、两栏布局

(1)浮动实现
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .outer {
            height: 100px;
            text-align: center;
        }

        .left {
            /*左边宽度200px,设置浮动*/
            float: left;
            height: 100px;
            width: 200px;
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }

        .right {
            height: 100px;
            width: auto;
            margin-left: 200px;
            /*右边margin-left设置200px,宽度auto,默认占满整个父元素*/
            background-color: blueviolet;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="outer">
        <div class="left">left</div>
        <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
<script>
</script>

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(2)flex实现
  • 方法一
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .outer {
            display: flex;
            height: 100px;
            text-align: center;
        }

        .left {
            flex-shrink: 0;
            /*定义项目缩放比例*/
            flex-grow: 0;
            /*如果存在剩余空间,也不放大*/
            flex-basis: 200px;
            /*定义了在分配多余空间之前,项目占据的主轴空间*/
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }
/**
**左边元素的放大和缩小设置为0,基础大小为200px。右边元素的放大和缩小比例设置为1,基础大小为auto
**/
        .right {
            flex: auto;
            background-color: blueviolet;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="outer">
        <div class="left">left</div>
        <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
<script>
</script>

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  • 方法二
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .outer {
            display: flex;
            height: 100px;
            text-align: center;
        }

        .left {
            background-color: aquamarine;
            width: 200px;
        }

        .right {
            flex: 1;
            background-color: blueviolet;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="outer">
        <div class="left">left</div>
        <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
<script>
</script>

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(3)绝对定位实现
  • 方法一
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .outer {
            position: relative;
            text-align: center;
            /*父元素相对定位*/
            height: 100px;
        }

        .left {
            position: absolute;
            /*左边元素相对定位*/
            width: 200px;
            /*宽度设置200px*/
            height: 100px;
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }

        .right {
            margin-left: 200px;
            /*右边元素margin-left值200px*/
            height: 100px;
            background-color: blueviolet;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="outer">
        <div class="left">left</div>
        <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
<script>
</script>

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  • 方法二
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .outer {
            position: relative;
            text-align: center;
            /*父元素相对定位*/
            height: 100px;
        }

        .left {
            width: 200px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }

        .right {
            /*右边元素绝对定位*/
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            bottom: 0;
            right: 0;
            left: 200px;
            /*左边定位200px 其余为0*/
            background-color: blueviolet;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="outer">
        <div class="left">left</div>
        <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
<script>
</script>

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(4)table布局实现
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .outer {
            display: table;
            width: 1200px;
            text-align: center;
        }

        .left {
            display: table-cell;
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }

        .right {
            display: table-cell;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: blueviolet;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="outer">
        <div class="left">left</div>
        <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
<script>
</script>

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四、三栏布局

(1)浮动实现
  • 方法一

容易踩坑的代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .outer {
            text-align: center;
        }

        .outer>div {
            min-height: 100px;
        }

        .left {
            float: left;
            width: 100px;
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }

        .middle {
            background-color: blueviolet;
        }

        .right {
            float: right;
            width: 100px;
            background-color: pink;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="outer">
        <div class="left">left</div>
        <div class="middle">middle</div>
        <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
<script>
</script>

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解析:right被顶下去下一行,为什么呢?这种布局方式是利用浮动脱离文档流实现,按照正常的逻辑left、middle、right布局,中间元素形成定位,right顶下去,无法实现三栏布局。需要特别注意!left和right都需要在middle前布局。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .outer {
            text-align: center;
        }

        .outer>div {
            min-height: 100px;
        }

        .left {
            float: left;
            width: 100px;
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }

        .middle {
            background-color: blueviolet;
        }

        .right {
            float: right;
            width: 100px;
            background-color: pink;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="outer">
        <div class="left">left</div>
        <div class="right">right</div>
        <div class="middle">middle</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
<script>
</script>

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  • 方法二
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .outer>div {
            min-height: 100px;
            text-align: center;
            position: relative;
        }

        .left {
            float: left;
            width: 300px;
            background-color: aquamarine;
            z-index: 9999;
        }

        .middle {
            float: left;
            width: 300px;
            margin-left: -300px;
            padding: 0 300px;
            background-color: blueviolet;
        }

        .right {
            float: left;
            width: 300px;
            margin-left: -300px;
            background-color: pink;
            z-index: 1;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="outer">
        <div class="left">left</div>
        <div class="middle">middle</div>
        <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
<script>
</script>

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(2)绝对定位实现
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .outer {
            position: relative;
            text-align: center;
        }

        .outer>div {
            min-height: 100px;
            position: absolute;
        }

        .left {
            left: 0px;
            width: 100px;
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }

        .middle {
            left: 100px;
            right: 100px;
            background-color: blueviolet;
        }

        .right {
            right: 0;
            width: 100px;
            background-color: pink;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="outer">
        <div class="left">left</div>
        <div class="middle">middle</div>
        <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
<script>
</script>

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(3)flex实现
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .outer {
            display: flex;
            text-align: center;
        }

        .outer>div {
            min-height: 100px;
        }

        .left {
            width: 100px;
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }

        .middle {
            flex: 1;
            background-color: blueviolet;
        }

        .right {
            width: 100px;
            background-color: pink;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="outer">
        <div class="left">left</div>
        <div class="middle">middle</div>
        <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
<script>
</script>

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(4)table实现
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .outer {
            display: table;
            width: 100%;
            min-height: 100px;
            text-align: center;
        }

        .outer>div {
            display: table-cell;
        }

        .left {
            width: 100px;
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }

        .middle {
            background-color: blueviolet;
        }

        .right {
            width: 100px;
            background-color: pink;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="outer">
        <div class="left">left</div>
        <div class="middle">middle</div>
        <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
<script>
</script>

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(5)grid实现
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .outer {
            display: grid;
            text-align: center;
            grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr 100px;
        }

        .outer>div {
            min-height: 100px;
        }

        .left {
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }

        .middle {
            background-color: blueviolet;
        }

        .right {
            background-color: pink;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="outer">
        <div class="left">left</div>
        <div class="middle">middle</div>
        <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
<script>
</script>

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