☕【Java技术指南】「难点-核心-遗漏」Java线程状态流转及生命周期的技术指南（知识点串烧）！

前提介绍

本章主要介绍相关线程声明周期的转换机制以及声明周期的流转关系以及相关AQS的实现和相关的基本原理，配合这相关官方文档的中英文互译的介绍。

线程状态流转及生命周期

当线程被创建并启动以后，它既不是一启动就进入了执行状态，也不是一直处于执行状态。在线程的生命周期中，它要经过新建（New）、就绪/可运行状态（Runnable）、阻塞（Blocked）和等待（Wait）、时间等待（Time_wait）、终止状态（Terminate）六种状态。尤其是当线程启动以后，它不能一直“霸占”着CPU独自运行，所以CPU需要在多条线程之间切换，于是线程状态也会多次在运行、阻塞之间切换。

下图借鉴于官方网站：

生命周期的六种状态

一个事物从出生的那一刻开始到最终死亡中间的整个过程.在事物的漫长的生命周期过程中,总会经历不同的状态(婴儿状态/青少年状态/中年状态/老年状态…).线程也是有生命周期的,也是存在不同的状态的,状态相互之间的转换。

线程对象的状态存放在Thread类的内部类(State)中:

 public enum State {
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
         */
        NEW,

        /**
         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
         * such as processor.
         */
        RUNNABLE,

        /**
         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
         * to enter a synchronized block/method or
         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
         */
        BLOCKED,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread.
         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
         * following methods:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
         * perform a particular action.
         *
         * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
         * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
         * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
         * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
         * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
         */
        WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
         * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
         * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
         * </ul>
         */
        TIMED_WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a terminated thread.
         * The thread has completed execution.
         */
        TERMINATED;
    }

注意：Thread.State类其实是一个枚举类.因为线程对象的状态是固定的,只有6种,此时使用枚举来表示是。

新建（new Thread）

当创建Thread类的一个实例（对象）时，此线程进入新建状态（未被启动）。
使用new创建一个线程对象，仅仅在堆中分配内存空间，在调用start方法之前。新建状态下，线程压根就没有启动,仅仅只是存在一个线程对象而已.Thread t = new Thread();
此时t就属于新建状态当新建状态下的线程对象调用了start方法,此时从新建状态进入可运行状态.线程对象的start方法只能调用一次,否则报错:IllegalThreadStateException.