一.mark

pytest提供了标记机制，允许你使用marker对测试函数做标记，一个测试函数可以有多个marker，一个marker也可以用来标记多个测试函数

1.背景:

当我们需要进行冒烟测试，不可能把所有的用例都跑一遍，我们可以挑选一些重要的用例进行冒烟测试，为了把选定的测试加入冒烟测试，可以对他们添加@pytest.mark.smoke装饰器。

案例1:只执行smoke类型的测试用例

test_menus1.py

# encoding=utf-8
import pytest
import logging
import random
import time

@pytest.mark.smoke
class TestMenus:

    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_menu1(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例1')
        assert 2 == 2

    #@pytest.mark.repeat(2)
    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_menu2(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例2')
        assert 1 == 1

    def test_menu3(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例3')
        assert 2 == 2


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()

test_work1.py

#encoding=utf-8

import pytest


class TestWork:

    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_h(self,home_url):
        print("用例：%s" % home_url)

    def test_work1(self):
        assert 1 == 1

    def test_work2(self):
        assert 1 == 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()

执行命令行:

pytest

我们可以看到，
测试模块menus—>test_menus1.py文件—>类上加了装饰器,也就是说需要执行3条用例;
测试模块menus—>test_menus1.py文件—>test_h加了装饰器,说明执行1条用例
总需要执行4条用例
-m参数执行一下，这样我们标记的smoke的用例就被执行了，其他的没有被执行

-m后面也可以使用表达式，可以在标记之间添加and，or，not关键字

执行命令:表示执行没有标记smoke的测试用例

pytest -m "not smoke"

特别注意
pytest -m “not smoke”:必须使用双引号

二.跳过测试skip

要跳过某个测试，只需要简单的在测试函数上方添加@pytest.mark.skip()装饰器即可

案例1:pytest.mark.skip():跳过某些用例

test_menus.py

# encoding=utf-8
import pytest
import logging
import random
import time

@pytest.mark.smoke
class TestMenus:

    @pytest.mark.skip()
    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_menu1(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例1')
        assert 2 == 2

    #@pytest.mark.repeat(2)
    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_menu2(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例2')
        assert 1 == 1

    def test_menu3(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例3')
        assert 2 == 2


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()

test_work1.py

#encoding=utf-8

import pytest


class TestWork:

    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_h(self,home_url):
        print("用例：%s" % home_url)

    @pytest.mark.skip()
    def test_work1(self):
        assert 1 == 1

    def test_work2(self):
        assert 1 == 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()

执行测试命令

pytest

案例2:如果在整个类中添加@pytest.mark.skip():表示整个类中的测试用例都将跳过

#encoding=utf-8

import pytest

@pytest.mark.skip()
class TestWork:

    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_h(self,home_url):
        print("用例：%s" % home_url)

    @pytest.mark.skip()
    def test_work1(self):
        assert 1 == 1

    def test_work2(self):
        assert 1 == 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()

命令行执行:

pytest

三.跳过测试skipif

我们可以给要跳过的测试添加理由和条件，这时应当使用skipif来替代skip

前面的是个条件，可以是python的表达式，表达式的值为True时跳过，为false时执行。后面的是原因，在来执行一次

test_menus1.py

# encoding=utf-8
import pytest
import logging
import random
import time

@pytest.mark.smoke
class TestMenus:

    @pytest.mark.skipif(24<8,reason='版本不匹配')
    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_menu1(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例1')
        assert 2 == 2

    #@pytest.mark.repeat(2)
    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_menu2(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例2')
        assert 1 == 1

    def test_menu3(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例3')
        assert 2 == 2


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()

test_work1.py

#encoding=utf-8

import pytest

#@pytest.mark.skip()
class TestWork:

    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_h(self,home_url):
        print("用例：%s" % home_url)

    @pytest.mark.skipif(8<24,reason='版本不匹配')
    def test_work1(self):
        assert 1 == 1

    def test_work2(self):
        assert 1 == 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()

执行命令
-rs:控制台查看跳过信息

pytest -rs

四.运行测试子集

运行测试有很多方式，不但可以选择运行某个测试目录、文件、类中的测试，还可以选择运行某一个测试用例

目录结构

1.运行单个目录

test_menus1.py

# encoding=utf-8
import pytest
import logging
import random
import time

@pytest.mark.smoke
class TestMenus:

    @pytest.mark.skipif(24<8,reason='版本不匹配')
    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_menu1(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例1')
        assert 2 == 2

    #@pytest.mark.repeat(2)
    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_menu2(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例2')
        assert 1 == 1

    def test_menu3(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例3')
        assert 2 == 2


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()

test_work1.py

#encoding=utf-8

import pytest

#@pytest.mark.skip()
class TestWork:

    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_h(self,home_url):
        print("用例：%s" % home_url)

    @pytest.mark.skipif(8<24,reason='版本不匹配')
    def test_work1(self):
        assert 1 == 1

    def test_work2(self):
        assert 1 == 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()

案例1:运行menus目录下的文件

执行命令

D:\project_development\api_pytest>pytest testcases/menus

collecting ... ----这是前置方法----

 testcases\menus\test_menus1.py::TestMenus.test_menu1 ✓                                                                                   33% ███▍

 testcases\menus\test_menus1.py::TestMenus.test_menu2 ✓                                                                                   67% ██████▋

----这是后置方法----
 testcases\menus\test_menus1.py::TestMenus.test_menu3 ✓                                                                                  100% ██████████


Results (0.10s):
       3 passed

2.运行单个测试文件

运行单个文件里的全部测试，以路径名加文件名作为pytest参数即可

案例2:运行test_menus1.py文件中的所有用例

执行命令

D:\project_development\api_pytest>pytest testcases/menus/test_menus1.py

3.运行单个测试函数

运行单个测试函数，只需要在文件名后添加::符号和函数名

案例3:运行test_menus1.py文件中的test_menu1这条用例

执行命令

D:\project_development\api_pytest>pytest testcases\menus\test_menus1.py::TestMenus::test_menu1

特别注意:运行单个测试函数时,下面的方法不可取,会报错

ERROR: not found: D:\project_development\api_pytest\testcases\menus\test_menus1.py::test_menu1
(no name 'D:\\project_development\\api_pytest\\testcases\\menus\\test_menus1.py::test_menu1' in any of [<Module test_menus1.py>])

4.运行单个测试类

与运行单个函数类似，只需要在文件名后面加上::符号和类名

案例4:执行test_menus1.py下的TestMenus类

执行命令

D:\project_development\api_pytest>pytest testcases\menus\test_menus1.py::TestMenus

5.用测试名划分测试集合

-k选项允许用一个表达式指定需要运行的测试，该表达式可以匹配测试名（或者子串）。表达式中可以包含and，or，not

案例:执行用例中包含’2’的测试用例

test_menus1.py

# encoding=utf-8
import pytest
import logging
import random
import time

@pytest.mark.smoke
class TestMenus:

    @pytest.mark.skipif(24<8,reason='版本不匹配')
    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_menu1(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例1')
        assert 2 == 2

    #@pytest.mark.repeat(2)
    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_menu2(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例2')
        assert 1 == 1

    def test_menu3(self):
        logging.info('执行测试用例3')
        assert 2 == 2


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()

test_work1.py

#encoding=utf-8

import pytest

#@pytest.mark.skip()
class TestWork:

    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_h(self,home_url):
        print("用例：%s" % home_url)

    @pytest.mark.skipif(8<24,reason='版本不匹配')
    def test_work1(self):
        assert 1 == 1

    def test_work2(self):
        assert 1 == 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()

执行命令

D:\project_development\api_pytest>pytest -k 2