文章目录
1.查看网络配置
1.1查看网络接口信息
查看所有活动的网络接口信息
命令：ifconfig
查看指定网络接口信息
命令：ifconfig【网卡】
[root@yzq sbin]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.28.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.28.255
inet6 fe80::c5af:9d75:a8f6:7c70 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:9d:8d:e2 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 12991 bytes 1236201 (1.1 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 5280 bytes 3216475 (3.0 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
（注意子网掩码）
查看所有的网络接口信息
[root@yzq sbin]# ifconfig -a
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.28.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.28.255
inet6 fe80::c5af:9d75:a8f6:7c70 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:9d:8d:e2 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 13064 bytes 1241463 (1.1 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 5318 bytes 3220115 (3.0 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:8e:0e:d6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0-nic: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 52:54:00:8e:0e:d6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
1.2.查看主机名称 hostname
hostname命令
查看或设置当前主机名
hostname 【主机名】
[root@yzq sbin]# hostname
yzq
查看本机IP
[root@yzq network-scripts]# hostname -i
fe80::c5af:9d75:a8f6:7c70%ens33 192.168.28.10 192.168.122.1 192.168.28.28
在主机的/etc/hosts下面有解析的话，显示主机的IP
[root@yzq sbin]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
可vim /etc/hosts编辑主机IP以及主机名
1.3查看本机路由表条目
route命令
查看或设置主机中路由表信息
route / route -n / ip route / ip route show / netstat -r
建议使用route -n：将路由记录表中的地址信息显示为数字形式
[root@yzq sbin]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.28.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.28.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
2.查看网络连接情况
2.netstat命令
查看系统的网络连接状态、路由表、接口统计信息
netstat 【选项】
常用 -a -n -p -u -r
常用组合 -natulp
[root@yzq sbin]# netstat -natulp
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7445/X
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7406/dnsmasq
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6901/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6900/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7308/master
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7936/sshd: root@pts
tcp 0 0 192.168.28.10:22 192.168.28.1:56134 ESTABLISHED 7936/sshd: root@pts
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::6000 :::* LISTEN 7445/X
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 6901/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 6900/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 7308/master
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 7936/sshd: root@pts
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:37818 0.0.0.0:* 6524/avahi-daemon:
udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 7406/dnsmasq
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 7406/dnsmasq
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 1/systemd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 6524/avahi-daemon:
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 6512/chronyd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:739 0.0.0.0:* 6505/rpcbind
udp6 0 0 :::111 :::* 1/systemd
udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 6512/chronyd
udp6 0 0 :::739 :::* 6505/rpcbind
2.2获取socket统计信息ss
socket是一种通讯方式，套接字，记录ip和端口
查看系统的网络连接情况，获取socket统计信息
ss 【选项】
常用选项 -t -u -n -l -p -a -t
（同netstat类似但占用资源较少）
[root@yzq sbin]# ss -natulp
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:37818 *:* users:(("avahi-daemon",pid=6524,fd=13))
udp UNCONN 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 *:* users:(("dnsmasq",pid=7406,fd=5))
udp UNCONN 0 0 *%virbr0:67 *:* users:(("dnsmasq",pid=7406,fd=3))
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:111 *:* users:(("rpcbind",pid=6505,fd=5),("systemd",pid=1,fd=43))
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:5353 *:* users:(("avahi-daemon",pid=6524,fd=12))
udp UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 *:* users:(("chronyd",pid=6512,fd=1))
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:739 *:* users:(("rpcbind",pid=6505,fd=10))
udp UNCONN 0 0 :::111 :::* users:(("rpcbind",pid=6505,fd=7),("systemd",pid=1,fd=46))
udp UNCONN 0 0 ::1:323 :::* users:(("chronyd",pid=6512,fd=2))
udp UNCONN 0 0 :::739 :::* users:(("rpcbind",pid=6505,fd=11))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:* users:(("rpcbind",pid=6505,fd=4),("systemd",pid=1,fd=42))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6000 *:* users:(("X",pid=7445,fd=6))
tcp LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:* users:(("dnsmasq",pid=7406,fd=6))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=6901,fd=3))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:* users:(("cupsd",pid=6900,fd=12))
tcp LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* users:(("master",pid=7308,fd=13))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=7936,fd=9))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::* users:(("rpcbind",pid=6505,fd=6),("systemd",pid=1,fd=45))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::6000 :::* users:(("X",pid=7445,fd=5))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=6901,fd=4))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::* users:(("cupsd",pid=6900,fd=11))
tcp LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* users:(("master",pid=7308,fd=14))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=7936,fd=8))
time
测量命令的执行时间或者系统资源的使用情况
[root@yzq ~]# time netstat -natp
real 0m0.061s
user 0m0.003s
sys 0m0.058s
real：从进程1s开始执行到完成所消耗的CUP时间。
usr：从进程1s执行用户态代码所消耗的CUP时间。
sys：从进程1s在内核运行所消耗的CUP时间。
2.3测试网络连接ping
ping命令
测试网络连通性
ping 【选项】目标主机
测试本机TCP/IP协议是否正常
ping本地环回口IP，有回包则正常
[root@yzq sbin]# ping 127.0.0.1
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.029 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms
^C
--- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.029/0.032/0.042/0.008 ms
测试到网关的是否正常
[root@yzq sbin]# ping 192.168.28.2
PING 192.168.28.2 (192.168.28.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.28.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.227 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.28.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.259 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.28.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.162 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.28.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=0.297 ms
^C
--- 192.168.28.2 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.162/0.236/0.297/0.050 ms
测试DNS是否正常
[root@yzq sbin]# ping 114.114.114.114
PING 114.114.114.114 (114.114.114.114) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=2.28 ms
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=3.35 ms
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=2.88 ms
^C
--- 114.114.114.114 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.280/2.842/3.358/0.443 ms
测试www.baidu.com
[root@yzq sbin]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (180.101.49.12) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12 (180.101.49.12): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=4.53 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12 (180.101.49.12): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=3.52 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12 (180.101.49.12): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=5.88 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12 (180.101.49.12): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=4.47 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3007ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 3.525/4.606/5.889/0.843 ms
2.4ping命令的使用
ping（错误侦测回馈机制）
64 butes 64比特 icmp协议 seq次数 ttl数据包生命周期 time时间
ping 【选项】参数
-c 次数
[root@yzq sbin]# ping -c 3 www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (180.101.49.11) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.101.49.11 (180.101.49.11): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=79.0 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.11 (180.101.49.11): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=66.0 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.11 (180.101.49.11): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=66.8 ms
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 11092ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 66.093/70.686/79.078/5.942 ms
-i频次（默认1s一次）
-w超时时间（只ping几秒，如-w 5意为ping5秒，5秒后结束）
[root@yzq sbin]# ping -i 0.5 -w 2 www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (180.101.49.12) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12 (180.101.49.12): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=3.75 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12 (180.101.49.12): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=4.40 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12 (180.101.49.12): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=3.15 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12 (180.101.49.12): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=3.06 ms
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 1504ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 3.061/3.594/4.406/0.541 ms
3.跟踪数据包tracerout
tracerout命令
测试从当前主机到目的主机之间经过的网络节点（三层设备），并显示各中间节点的连接状态（响应时间）。对于无法响应的节点，连接显示状态为*
tracerout 目标主机地址
[root@yzq sbin]# traceroute 192.168.28.10
traceroute to 192.168.28.10 (192.168.28.10), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 yzq (192.168.28.10) 0.024 ms 0.008 ms 0.007 ms
[root@yzq sbin]# traceroute 192.168.28.2
traceroute to 192.168.28.2 (192.168.28.2), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 * * *
2 * * *
3 * * *
4 * * *
5 * * *
3.配置网络参数
停用网络接口
ifdown ens33
启用网络接口
ifup ens33
临时创建虚拟网卡
[root@yzq ~]# ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.28.28
[root@yzq ~]# ifconfig ens33:0
ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.28.28 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.28.255
ether 00:0c:29:9d:8d:e2 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
修改网络配置文件
网卡配置文件在 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ 下
[root@yzq ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@yzq network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33 ifup-eth
ifcfg-lo ifup-ib
ifdown ifup-ippp
ifdown-bnep ifup-ipv6
ifdown-eth ifup-isdn
ifdown-ib ifup-plip
ifdown-ippp ifup-plusb
ifdown-ipv6 ifup-post
ifdown-isdn ifup-ppp
ifdown-post ifup-routes
ifdown-ppp ifup-sit
ifdown-routes ifup-Team
ifdown-sit ifup-TeamPort
ifdown-Team ifup-tunnel
ifdown-TeamPort ifup-wireless
ifdown-tunnel init.ipv6-global
ifup network-functions
ifup-aliases network-functions-ipv6
ifup-bnep
修改ens33网卡配置文件
[root@yzq network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet //网卡类型:为以太网
PROXY_METHOD=none //代理方式:关闭状态
BROWSER_ONLY=no //只是浏览器:否
BOOTPROTO=static //网卡协议：DHCP动态主机配置协议，static静态，none无，bound聚合
DEFROUTE=yes //默认路由:是
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no //否开启IPV4致命错误检测:否
IPV6INIT=yes //IPV6是否自动初始化:是
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes //IPV6是否自动配置:是
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy // IPV6地址生成模型
stable-privacy是一种生成IPV6的策略
NAME=ens33 //网卡名字(与DEVICE- 致)
UUID=6e52ebe6-6d1f-4dc3-97f2-549d15e0c3f6 //唯一标识码
DEVICE=ens33 //网卡设备
IPADDR=192.168.28.10 //ip地址(static设置 )
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 //子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.28.2 //网关
DNS1=114.114.114.114 //dns地址解析（即使只有一个也要写DNS1）
ONBOOT=yes //开机是否激活网卡
添加静态路由
通过route add命令来添加路由，结合-net指定目标网段地址，结合-gw选项指定下一跳路由器的ip地址
[root@yzq network-scripts]# route add -net 192.168.100.0/24 gw 192.168.28.10
[root@yzq network-scripts]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.28.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.28.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.100.0 192.168.28.10 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
删除路由
route del
[root@yzq network-scripts]# route del -net 192.168.100.0/24
[root@yzq network-scripts]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.28.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.28.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
指定网卡
路由添加末尾加dev ens33指定网卡
[root@yzq network-scripts]# route add -net 192.168.100.0/24 gw 192.168.28.10 dev ens33
[root@yzq network-scripts]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.28.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.28.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.100.0 192.168.28.10 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
设置优先级
[root@yzq network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33
域名解析配置文件
DNS配置文件
DNS地址解析协议
[root@yzq network-scripts]# vim /etc/resolv.conf
输入DNS地址
或者
[root@yzq network-scripts]# echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" >> /etc/resolv.conf
[root@yzq network-scripts]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 114.114.114.114
nameserver 8.8.8.8
远程复制 scp
跨主机进行数据传输
远程复制完成
或：
scp 1.txt root@192.168.28.128：/opt/1.txt ./
远程将主机192.168.28.128的/opt/1.txt文件复制到本地当前目录
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