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21 | 实用 Shell 脚本

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导读：本篇文章讲解 21 | 实用 Shell 脚本，希望对大家有帮助，欢迎收藏，转发！站点地址：www.bmabk.com

目录

1 Dos 攻击防范（自动屏蔽攻击 IP）

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)
LOG_FILE=/usr/local/nginx/logs/demo.access.log
ABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n5000 $LOG_FILE |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}')
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
    if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
        iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
        echo "$(date +'%F_%T') $IP" >> /tmp/drop_ip.log
    fi
done

2 Linux 系统发送告警脚本

# yum install mailx
# vi /etc/mail.rc
set from=warning@163.com smtp=smtp.163.com
set smtp-auth-user=warning@163.com smtp-auth-password=123456
set smtp-auth=login

3 MySQL 数据库备份单循环

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)
HOST=localhost
USER=backup
PASS=123.com
BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup
DB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "show databases;" 2>/dev/null |egrep -v "Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys")

for DB in $DB_LIST; do
    BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE}.sql
    if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -B $DB > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then
        echo "$BACKUP_NAME 备份失败!"
    fi
done

4 MySQL 数据库备份多循环

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)
HOST=localhost
USER=backup
PASS=123.com
BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup
DB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "show databases;" 2>/dev/null |egrep -v "Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys")

for DB in $DB_LIST; do
    BACKUP_DB_DIR=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE}
    [ ! -d $BACKUP_DB_DIR ] && mkdir -p $BACKUP_DB_DIR &>/dev/null
    TABLE_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "use $DB;show tables;" 2>/dev/null)
    for TABLE in $TABLE_LIST; do
        BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DB_DIR/${TABLE}.sql
        if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS $DB $TABLE > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then
            echo "$BACKUP_NAME 备份失败!"
        fi
    done
done

5 Nginx 访问访问日志按天切割

#!/bin/bash
LOG_DIR=/usr/local/nginx/logs
YESTERDAY_TIME=$(date -d "yesterday" +%F)
LOG_MONTH_DIR=$LOG_DIR/$(date +"%Y-%m")
LOG_FILE_LIST="default.access.log"

for LOG_FILE in $LOG_FILE_LIST; do
    [ ! -d $LOG_MONTH_DIR ] && mkdir -p $LOG_MONTH_DIR
    mv $LOG_DIR/$LOG_FILE $LOG_MONTH_DIR/${LOG_FILE}_${YESTERDAY_TIME}
done

kill -USR1 $(cat /var/run/nginx.pid)

6 Nginx 访问日志分析脚本

#!/bin/bash
# 日志格式: $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"
LOG_FILE=$1
echo "统计访问最多的10个IP"
awk '{a[$1]++}END{print "UV:",length(a);for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr |head -10
echo "----------------------"

echo "统计时间段访问最多的IP"
awk '$4>="[01/Dec/2018:13:20:25" && $4<="[27/Nov/2018:16:20:49"{a[$1]++}END{for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr|head -10
echo "----------------------"

echo "统计访问最多的10个页面"
awk '{a[$7]++}END{print "PV:",length(a);for(v in a){if(a[v]>10)print v,a[v]}}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr
echo "----------------------"

echo "统计访问页面状态码数量"
awk '{a[$7" "$9]++}END{for(v in a){if(a[v]>5)print v,a[v]}}'

7 查看网卡实时流量脚本

#!/bin/bash
NIC=$1
echo -e " In ------ Out"
while true; do
    OLD_IN=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev)
    OLD_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev)
    sleep 1
    NEW_IN=$(awk  '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev)
    NEW_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev)
    IN=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($NEW_IN-$OLD_IN)/1024))" "KB/s")
    OUT=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($NEW_OUT-$OLD_OUT)/1024))" "KB/s")
    echo "$IN $OUT"
    sleep 1
done

8 服务器系统配置初始化脚本

#/bin/bash
# 设置时区并同步时间
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
if ! crontab -l |grep ntpdate &>/dev/null ; then
    (echo "* 1 * * * ntpdate time.windows.com >/dev/null 2>&1";crontab -l) |crontab
fi

# 禁用selinux
sed -i '/SELINUX/{s/permissive/disabled/}' /etc/selinux/config

# 关闭防火墙
if egrep "7.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then
    systemctl stop firewalld
    systemctl disable firewalld
elif egrep "6.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then
    service iptables stop
    chkconfig iptables off
fi

# 历史命令显示操作时间
if ! grep HISTTIMEFORMAT /etc/bashrc; then
    echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T `whoami` "' >> /etc/bashrc
fi

# SSH超时时间
if ! grep "TMOUT=600" /etc/profile &>/dev/null; then
    echo "export TMOUT=600" >> /etc/profile
fi

# 禁止root远程登录
sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

# 禁止定时任务向发送邮件
sed -i 's/^MAILTO=root/MAILTO=""/' /etc/crontab

# 设置最大打开文件数
if ! grep "* soft nofile 65535" /etc/security/limits.conf &>/dev/null; then
    cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF
    * soft nofile 65535
    * hard nofile 65535
EOF
fi

# 系统内核优化
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 20480
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 20480
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20
EOF

# 减少SWAP使用
echo "0" > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness

# 安装系统性能分析工具及其他
yum install gcc make autoconf vim sysstat net-tools iostat if

9 监控 100 台服务器磁盘利用率脚本

#!/bin/bash
HOST_INFO=host.info
for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do
    USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
    PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
    TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp
    ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP 'df -h' > $TMP_FILE
    USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^\/dev/{print $NF,int($5)}' $TMP_FILE)
    for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do
        PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*}
        USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}
        if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then
            echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"
        fi
    done
done

10 根据PID过滤进程所有信息

#! /bin/bash
# Function: 根据用户输入的PID，过滤出该PID所有的信息
read -p "请输入要查询的PID: " P
n=`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $11}'|wc -l`
if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
 echo "该PID不存在！！"
 exit
fi
echo "--------------------------------"
echo "进程PID: $P"
echo "进程命令：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $11}'`"
echo "进程所属用户: `ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $1}'`"
echo "CPU占用率：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $3}'`%"
echo "内存占用率：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $4}'`%"
echo "进程开始运行的时刻：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $9}'`"
echo "进程运行的时间：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $10}'`"
echo "进程状态：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $8}'`"
echo "进程虚拟内存：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $5}'`"
echo "进程共享内存：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $6}'`"
echo "--------------------------------"

11 根据进程名过滤进程信息

#! /bin/bash
# Function: 根据输入的程序的名字过滤出所对应的PID，并显示出详细信息，如果有几个PID，则全部显示
read -p "请输入要查询的进程名：" NAME
N=`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | wc -l` ##统计进程总数
if [ $N -le 0 ];then
  echo "该进程名没有运行！"
fi
i=1
while [ $N -gt 0 ]
do
  echo "进程PID: `ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $2}'`"
  echo "进程命令：`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $11}'`"
  echo "进程所属用户: `ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $1}'`"
  echo "CPU占用率：`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $3}'`%"
  echo "内存占用率：`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $4}'`%"
  echo "进程开始运行的时刻：`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $9}'`"
  echo "进程运行的时间：` ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $11}'`"
  echo "进程状态：`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $8}'`"
  echo "进程虚拟内存：`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $5}'`"
  echo "进程共享内存：`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $6}'`"
  echo "***************************************************************"
  let N-- i++
done

12 根据用户名查询该用户的相关信息

#! /bin/bash
# Function：根据用户名查询该用户的所有信息
read -p "请输入要查询的用户名：" A
echo "------------------------------"
n=`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}' | wc -l`
if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
echo "该用户不存在"
echo "------------------------------"
else
  echo "该用户的用户名：$A"
  echo "该用户的UID：`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk -F: '{print $3}'`"
  echo "该用户的组为：`id $A | awk {'print $3'}`"
  echo "该用户的GID为：`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk -F: '{print $4}'`"
  echo "该用户的家目录为：`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk -F: '{print $6}'`"
  Login=`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk -F: '{print $7}'`
  if [ $Login == "/bin/bash" ];then
  echo "该用户有登录系统的权限！！"
  echo "------------------------------"
  elif [ $Login == "/sbin/nologin" ];then
  echo "该用户没有登录系统的权限！！"
  echo "------------------------------"
  fi
fi

13 加固系统的一些配置

#! /bin/bash
# Function:对账户的密码的一些加固
read -p "设置密码最多可多少天不修改：" A
read -p "设置密码修改之间最小的天数：" B
read -p "设置密码最短的长度：" C
read -p "设置密码失效前多少天通知用户：" D
sed -i '/^PASS_MAX_DAYS/c\PASS_MAX_DAYS '$A'' /etc/login.defs
sed -i '/^PASS_MIN_DAYS/c\PASS_MIN_DAYS '$B'' /etc/login.defs
sed -i '/^PASS_MIN_LEN/c\PASS_MIN_LEN '$C'' /etc/login.defs
sed -i '/^PASS_WARN_AGE/c\PASS_WARN_AGE '$D'' /etc/login.defs
 
echo "已对密码进行加固，新用户不得和旧密码相同，且新密码必须同时包含数字、小写字母，大写字母！！"
sed -i '/pam_pwquality.so/c\password requisite pam_pwquality.so try_first_pass local_users_only retry=3 authtok_type= difok=1 minlen=8 ucredit=-1 lcredit=-1 dcredit=-1' /etc/pam.d/system-auth
 
echo "已对密码进行加固，如果输入错误密码超过3次，则锁定账户！！"
n=`cat /etc/pam.d/sshd | grep "auth required pam_tally2.so "|wc -l`
if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
sed -i '/%PAM-1.0/a\auth required pam_tally2.so deny=3 unlock_time=150 even_deny_root root_unlock_time300' /etc/pam.d/sshd
fi
 
echo  "已设置禁止root用户远程登录！！"
sed -i '/PermitRootLogin/c\PermitRootLogin no'  /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 
read -p "设置历史命令保存条数：" E
read -p "设置账户自动注销时间：" F
sed -i '/^HISTSIZE/c\HISTSIZE='$E'' /etc/profile
sed -i '/^HISTSIZE/a\TMOUT='$F'' /etc/profile
 
echo "已设置只允许wheel组的用户可以使用su命令切换到root用户！"
sed -i '/pam_wheel.so use_uid/c\auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid ' /etc/pam.d/su
n=`cat /etc/login.defs | grep SU_WHEEL_ONLY | wc -l`
if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
echo SU_WHEEL_ONLY yes >> /etc/login.defs
fi
 
echo "即将对系统中的账户进行检查...."
echo "系统中有登录权限的用户有："
awk -F: '($7=="/bin/bash"){print $1}' /etc/passwd
echo "********************************************"
echo "系统中UID=0的用户有："
awk -F: '($3=="0"){print $1}' /etc/passwd
echo "********************************************"
N=`awk -F: '($2==""){print $1}' /etc/shadow|wc -l`
echo "系统中空密码用户有：$N"
if [ $N -eq 0 ];then
 echo "恭喜你，系统中无空密码用户！！"
 echo "********************************************"
else
 i=1
 while [ $N -gt 0 ]
 do
    None=`awk -F: '($2==""){print $1}' /etc/shadow|awk 'NR=='$i'{print}'`
    echo "------------------------"
    echo $None
    echo "必须为空用户设置密码！！"
    passwd $None
    let N--
 done
 M=`awk -F: '($2==""){print $1}' /etc/shadow|wc -l`
 if [ $M -eq 0 ];then
  echo "恭喜，系统中已经没有空密码用户了！"
 else
echo "系统中还存在空密码用户：$M"
 fi
fi
 
echo "即将对系统中重要文件进行锁定，锁定后将无法添加删除用户和组"
read -p "警告：此脚本运行后将无法添加删除用户和组！！确定输入Y，取消输入N；Y/N：" i
case $i in
      [Y,y])
            chattr +i /etc/passwd
            chattr +i /etc/shadow
            chattr +i /etc/group
            chattr +i /etc/gshadow
            echo "锁定成功！"
;;
      [N,n])
            chattr -i /etc/passwd
            chattr -i /etc/shadow
            chattr -i /etc/group
            chattr -i /etc/gshadow
            echo "取消锁定成功！！"
;;
       *)
            echo "请输入Y/y or N/n"
esac

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