1 jenkins官网

1.1 參考地址

https://www.jenkins.io/zh/doc/pipeline/tour/hello-world/

1.2 什么是jenkins pipeline

Jenkins Pipeline 提供了一套可扩展的工具，用于将“简单到复杂”的交付流程实现为“持续交付即代码”。Jenkins Pipeline 的定义通常被写入到一个文本文件（称为 Jenkinsfile ）中，该文件可以被放入项目的源代码控制库中。

2 执行多个步骤

2.1 Linux、BSD 和 Mac OS

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                sh 'echo "Hello World"'
                sh '''
                    echo "Multiline shell steps works too"
                    ls -lah
                '''
            }
        }
    }
}

2.2 Windows

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                bat 'set'
            }
        }
    }
}

2.3 超时、重试和更多

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                retry(3) {
                    sh './flakey-deploy.sh'
                }

                timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {
                    sh './health-check.sh'
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

或者

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                timeout(time: 3, unit: 'MINUTES') {
                    retry(5) {
                        sh './flakey-deploy.sh'
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

2.4 完成时动作

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Test') {
            steps {
                sh 'echo "Fail!"; exit 1'
            }
        }
    }
    post {
        always {
            echo 'This will always run'
        }
        success {
            echo 'This will run only if successful'
        }
        failure {
            echo 'This will run only if failed'
        }
        unstable {
            echo 'This will run only if the run was marked as unstable'
        }
        changed {
            echo 'This will run only if the state of the Pipeline has changed'
            echo 'For example, if the Pipeline was previously failing but is now successful'
        }
    }
}

3 定义执行环境

agent 指令告诉Jenkins在哪里以及如何执行Pipeline或者Pipeline子集。 正如您所预料的，所有的Pipeline都需要 agent 指令。

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent {
        docker { image 'node:7-alpine' }
    }
    stages {
        stage('Test') {
            steps {
                sh 'node --version'
            }
        }
    }
}

4 使用环境变量

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any

    environment {
        DISABLE_AUTH = 'true'
        DB_ENGINE    = 'sqlite'
    }

    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                sh 'printenv'
            }
        }
    }
}

5 记录测试和构建结果

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                sh './gradlew build'
            }
        }
        stage('Test') {
            steps {
                sh './gradlew check'
            }
        }
    }

    post {
        always {
            archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'build/libs/**/*.jar', fingerprint: true
            junit 'build/reports/**/*.xml'
        }
    }
}

6 清理和通知

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('No-op') {
            steps {
                sh 'ls'
            }
        }
    }
    post {
        always {
            echo 'One way or another, I have finished'
            deleteDir() /* clean up our workspace */
        }
        success {
            echo 'I succeeeded!'
        }
        unstable {
            echo 'I am unstable :/'
        }
        failure {
            echo 'I failed :('
        }
        changed {
            echo 'Things were different before...'
        }
    }
}

6.1 电子邮件

post {
    failure {
        mail to: 'team@example.com',
             subject: "Failed Pipeline: ${currentBuild.fullDisplayName}",
             body: "Something is wrong with ${env.BUILD_URL}"
    }
}

6.2 Hipchat

post {
    failure {
        hipchatSend message: "Attention @here ${env.JOB_NAME} #${env.BUILD_NUMBER} has failed.",
                    color: 'RED'
    }
}

6.3 Slack

post {
    success {
        slackSend channel: '#ops-room',
                  color: 'good',
                  message: "The pipeline ${currentBuild.fullDisplayName} completed successfully."
    }
}

7 部署

Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                echo 'Building'
            }
        }
        stage('Test') {
            steps {
                echo 'Testing'
            }
        }
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                echo 'Deploying'
            }
        }
    }
}

7.1 阶段即为部署环境

stage('Deploy - Staging') {
    steps {
        sh './deploy staging'
        sh './run-smoke-tests'
    }
}
stage('Deploy - Production') {
    steps {
        sh './deploy production'
    }
}

7.2 人工确认

enkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)
pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        /* "Build" and "Test" stages omitted */

        stage('Deploy - Staging') {
            steps {
                sh './deploy staging'
                sh './run-smoke-tests'
            }
        }

        stage('Sanity check') {
            steps {
                input "Does the staging environment look ok?"
            }
        }

        stage('Deploy - Production') {
            steps {
                sh './deploy production'
            }
        }
    }
}

8 常见问题

问题1：No such property: HOME for class: groovy.lang.Binding

groovy.lang.MissingPropertyException: No such property: HOME for class: groovy.lang.Binding

解决方法: 初步判断 是插件的版本问题（待验证）

问题2：Ubuntu怎么修改下载源

参考地址：
https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/

解决方法：

wget -O /etc/apt/sources.list http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/ubuntu18_sources.list

deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

问题3：NO_PUBKEY 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32

W: GPG error: https://mirrors.tencent.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
E: The repository 'https://mirrors.tencent.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease' is not signed.
W: GPG error: https://mirrors.tencent.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
E: The repository 'https://mirrors.tencent.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease' is not signed.
W: GPG error: https://mirrors.tencent.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
E: The repository 'https://mirrors.tencent.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease' is not signed.

解决方法：

sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32