Java 监控直播流rtsp协议转rtmp、hls、httpflv协议返回浏览器
目录
- 一:了解音视频流协议:
- 二:方案一 rtsp 转rtmp
-
- 1、下载nginx + nginx-rtmp-module
- 3、cmd 到nginx根目录启动nginx
- 8、查摄像头的rtsp协议格式
- 10、测试rtmp是否转换成功
- 12、为什么放弃了用rtmp
-
- 四:方案三rtsp 转httpflv(采用)
-
- 1、安装nginx-flv-module
- 4.1 采用java代码去执行ffmepg命令
- 6、前端使用flv.js播放:
-
需求背景:
在做之前的项目的时候有一个对接摄像头实时播放的需求,由于我们摄像头的购买量不是很多,海康威视不给我们提供流媒体云服务器,所以需要我们自己去 一个去满足我们能在浏览器看到监控画面。项目源代码在以前公司没有拷贝就不能复习,最近又在准备面试,所以写了这个博客来复盘和扩展一下,由于我现在没有Liunx,我就用Windows来演示,生产环境还是要使用Liunx,下面这些操作在Liunx也是一样的流程,大家自行百度。
一:了解音视频流协议:
协议 | HttpFlv | RTMP | HLS | Dash |
---|---|---|---|---|
全称 | FLASH VIDEO over HTTP | Real Time Message Protocol | HTTP Living Streaming | |
传输方式 | HTTP长连接 | TCP长连接 | HTTP短连接 | HTTP短连接 |
视频封装格式 | FLV |
FLV TAG |
TS文件 |
Mp4 3gp webm |
原理 |
同 RTMP ,使用HTTP协议(80端口) |
每个时刻的数据收到后立刻转发 |
集合一段时间的数据,生成TS切片文件(三片),并更新m3u8索引 |
|
延时 |
低 1~3秒 |
低 1~3秒 |
高 5~20秒(依切片情况) |
高 |
数据分段 | 连续流 | 连续流 | 切片文件 | 切片文件 |
Html5播放 |
可通过HTML5解封包播放 (flv.js) |
不支持 |
可通过HTML5解封包播放 (hls.js) |
如果dash文件列表是MP4, webm文件,可直接播放 |
其它 |
需要Flash技术支持,不支持多音频流、多视频流,不便于seek(即拖进度条) |
跨平台支持较差,需要Flash技术支持 |
播放时需要多次请求,对于网络质量要求高 |
二:方案一 rtsp 转rtmp
1、下载nginx + nginx-rtmp-module
nginx:下载地址: Index of /download/
nginx-rtmp-module:nginx 的扩展,安装后支持rtmp协议,下载地址: https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module
解压nginx-rtmp-module到nginx根目录下,并修改其文件夹名为nginx-rtmp-module(原名为nginx-rtmp-module-master)
2、nginx配置文件
到nginx根目录下的conf目录下复制一份nginx-win.conf 重命名 nginx-win-rtmp.conf
nginx-win-rtmp.conf:
#user nobody; # multiple workers works ! worker_processes 2; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 8192; # max value 32768, nginx recycling connections+registry optimization = # this.value * 20 = max concurrent connections currently tested with one worker # C1000K should be possible depending there is enough ram/cpu power # multi_accept on; } rtmp { server { listen 1935; chunk_size 4000; application live { live on; # 播放时进行回调,如果HttpRespone statusCode不等于200会断开 # on_play http://localhost:8081/auth; } application hls { live on; # 开启hls切片 hls on; # m3u8地址 hls_path html/hls; # 一个切片多少秒 hls_fragment 8s; # on_play http://localhost:8081/auth; # on_publish http://localhost:8081/auth; # on_done http://localhost:8081/auth; } } } http { #include /nginx/conf/naxsi_core.rules; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr:$remote_port - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; # # loadbalancing PHP # upstream myLoadBalancer { # server 127.0.0.1:9001 weight=1 fail_timeout=5; # server 127.0.0.1:9002 weight=1 fail_timeout=5; # server 127.0.0.1:9003 weight=1 fail_timeout=5; # server 127.0.0.1:9004 weight=1 fail_timeout=5; # server 127.0.0.1:9005 weight=1 fail_timeout=5; # server 127.0.0.1:9006 weight=1 fail_timeout=5; # server 127.0.0.1:9007 weight=1 fail_timeout=5; # server 127.0.0.1:9008 weight=1 fail_timeout=5; # server 127.0.0.1:9009 weight=1 fail_timeout=5; # server 127.0.0.1:9010 weight=1 fail_timeout=5; # least_conn; # } sendfile off; #tcp_nopush on; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; ## Start: Timeouts ## client_body_timeout 10; client_header_timeout 10; keepalive_timeout 30; send_timeout 10; keepalive_requests 10; ## End: Timeouts ## #gzip on; server { listen 5080; server_name localhost; location /stat { rtmp_stat all; rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl; } location /stat.xsl { root nginx-rtmp-module/; } location /control { rtmp_control all; } location /hls { # Serve HLS fragments types { application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8; video/mp2t ts; } expires -1; add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *; } #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; ## Caching Static Files, put before first location #location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ { # expires 14d; # add_header Vary Accept-Encoding; #} # For Naxsi remove the single # line for learn mode, or the ## lines for full WAF mode location / { #include /nginx/conf/mysite.rules; # see also http block naxsi include line ##SecRulesEnabled; ##DeniedUrl "/RequestDenied"; ##CheckRule "$SQL >= 8" BLOCK; ##CheckRule "$RFI >= 8" BLOCK; ##CheckRule "$TRAVERSAL >= 4" BLOCK; ##CheckRule "$XSS >= 8" BLOCK; root html; index index.html index.htm; } # For Naxsi remove the ## lines for full WAF mode, redirect location block used by naxsi ##location /RequestDenied { ## return 412; ##} ## Lua examples ! # location /robots.txt { # rewrite_by_lua ' # if ngx.var.http_host ~= "localhost" then # return ngx.exec("/robots_disallow.txt"); # end # '; # } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # single backend process # fastcgi_pass myLoadBalancer; # or multiple, see example above # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl spdy; # server_name localhost; # ssl on; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers On; # ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # ssl_ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:ECDH+3DES:RSA+AESGCM:RSA+AES:RSA+3DES:!aNULL:!eNULL:!MD5:!DSS:!EXP:!ADH:!LOW:!MEDIUM; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} }
3、cmd 到nginx根目录启动nginx
nginx.exe -c conf\nginx-win-rtmp.conf
测试:浏览器输入 http://localhost:5080/stat,看到
代表安装成功
4、下载ffmpeg安装
ffmpeg:一个处理音视频强大的库,我们需要用它来转协议,下载地址: Builds – CODEX FFMPEG @ gyan.dev ,这里可以下载essential和full版本,essential就是简版,只包含ffmpeg.exe、ffplay.exe、
ffprobe.exe, 而full版本就包含了动态库和相关头文件,方便我们在开发中调用。
5、配置ffmpeg环境变量
将ffmpeg解压后里面的bin路径复制到Path里面去
6、测试ffmpeg
cmd ffmpeg -version
命令看到代表成功
7、下载VLC播放器
下载地址: Official download of VLC media player, the best Open Source player – VideoLAN
8、查摄像头的rtsp协议格式
我这里截图是海康威视的
现在没有测试的流,我找了个点播的rtsp
rtsp://wowzaec2demo.streamlock.net/vod/mp4:BigBuckBunny_115k.mp4,用这个代替是一样的
9、执行ffmpeg命令
ffmpeg强大,命令也是复杂,我们cmd 执行
ffmpeg -re -rtsp_transport tcp -stimeout 20000000 -i "rtsp://wowzaec2demo.streamlock.net/vod/mp4:BigBuckBunny_115k.mp4" -buffer_size 1024000 -max_delay 500000 -codec:v libx264 -r 25 -rtbufsize 10M -s 1280x720 -map:v 0 -an -f flv rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/live/test
rtsp://wowzaec2demo.streamlock.net/vod/mp4:BigBuckBunny_115k.mp4,是输入源头
rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/live/test 是输出地址
如果没有报错的话,到现在rtsp就已经转换好了
ffmpeg命令学习: https://www.jianshu.com/p/df3216a52e59 、 ffmpeg 常用命令汇总_顺其自然~的博客-CSDN博客_ffmpeg命令大全
10、测试rtmp是否转换成功
我们打开VLC,媒体->打开网络串流->输入 rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/live/test
-> 播放
11、测试是否成功
等待几秒钟看到有视频播放就是成功了
12、为什么放弃了用rtmp
rtmp的优点是延迟低,效率高,但是在浏览器需要安装flash才能放,也就老版本的浏览器在用,rtmp可能会在别的地方支持,所以还是把他方式方法贴出来了。
三:方案二 rtsp转hls
1、nginx配置:
在前面已经贴出来了,其中这几个是针对hls的
2、执行ffmepg命令
ffmpeg -i "rtsp://wowzaec2demo.streamlock.net/vod/mp4:BigBuckBunny_115k.mp4" -vcodec libx264 -acodec aac -f flv rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/hls/test
3、查看nginx根目录 -> hls -> test.m3u8 是否生成
生成了代表一切正常
4、m3u8在网页上播放
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>前端播放m3u8格式视频</title> <!--https://www.bootcdn.cn/video.js/--> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/video.js/7.6.5/alt/video-js-cdn.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/video.js/6.6.2/video.js"></script> <!--https://www.bootcdn.cn/videojs-contrib-hls/--> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/videojs-contrib-hls/5.15.0/videojs-contrib-hls.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <video id="myVideo" class="video-js vjs-default-skin vjs-big-play-centered" controls preload="auto" width="1080" height="708" data-setup='{}'> <source id="source" src="http://127.0.0.1:5080/hls/test.m3u8" type="application/x-mpegURL"> </video> </body> <script> // videojs 简单使用 var myVideo = videojs('myVideo',{ bigPlayButton : true, textTrackDisplay : false, posterImage: false, errorDisplay : false, }) myVideo.play() // 视频播放 myVideo.pause() // 视频暂停 </script> </html>
source标签的src属性: http://你的nginx ip:nginx http端口/hls/test.m3u8
rtsp转HLS成功!
5、认识一下m3u8格式
m3u8文件里面存储了一个索引,以文本格式打开是这样的
#EXTM3U #EXT-X-VERSION:3 #EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:56 #EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:13 #EXTINF:10.381, test-56.ts #EXTINF:10.422, test-57.ts #EXTINF:13.453, test-58.ts
m3u8文件它不是视频源,源头是ts后缀文件
6、为什么放弃了用HLS
转HLS协议及网页加载过程:
ffmepg收到rtsp的流时候,会等一个切片的时间,一个切片时间到了,切片ts会放到服务器中,同时m3u8文件中加一个索引,对应着新进入的切片。网页在加载m3u8的时候,就是读取m3u8中的的索引去加载ts文件,所以在不断的请求ts,对ts进行解析,不断的和TCP握手,这就是为什么HLS延迟高和对网速的要求高的原因,我们监控肯定是要延迟低的,HLS兼容性好,适合点播。
四:方案三rtsp 转httpflv(采用)
1、安装nginx-flv-module
这个插件需要编译,教程: Windows下nginx-http-flv-module编译_KayChanGeek的博客-CSDN博客_nginx-http-flv-module 编译
我这里已经编译好了,直接下载启动:
nginx-flv: 自带nginx-http-flv-module模块的nginx
2、nginx配置
看我git里面的https://gitee.com/isyuesen/nginx-flv-file/blob/master/conf/nginx.conf,和默认的config差别主要是添加了这几个
rtmp { server { listen 1935; # 流复用的最大块大小 chunk_size 4000; application liveapp { live on; # 推流开始 on_publish http://localhost:8081/auth; # 推流关闭 on_publish_done http://localhost:8081/auth; # 客户端开始播放 on_play http://localhost:8081/auth; # 客户端结束播放 on_play_done http://localhost:8081/auth; } } }
location /live { flv_live on; chunked_transfer_encoding on; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true'; #add additional HTTP header add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*'; #add additional HTTP header add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers X-Requested-With; add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods GET,POST,OPTIONS; add_header 'Cache-Control' 'no-cache'; }
3、做java权限认证
nginx rtmp配置中有配置on_publish钩子接口 http://localhost:8081/auth,这个回调HttpResponse stausCode如果不等于200会拒绝I/O,更多回调钩子看: https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module/wiki/Directives#on_connect
@PostMapping("/auth") public void getVideo(String token, HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception { if (token.equals("tokenValue")) { httpServletResponse.setStatus(200); } else { // 拒绝服务 httpServletResponse.setStatus(500); } }
4、执行ffmepg命令:
ffmpeg -re -rtsp_transport tcp -i "rtsp://wowzaec2demo.streamlock.net/vod/mp4:BigBuckBunny_115k.mp4" -f flv -vcodec h264 -vprofile baseline -acodec aac -ar 44100 -strict -2 -ac 1 -f flv -s 640*360 -q 10 "rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/liveapp/test"
4.1 采用java代码去执行ffmepg命令
依赖 javaCV
<dependency> <groupId>org.bytedeco</groupId> <artifactId>javacv-platform</artifactId> <version>1.5.2</version> </dependency>
public class App { public static void main( String[] args ) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String name = "test"; // rtsp地址 String rtspDir = "rtsp://wowzaec2demo.streamlock.net/vod/mp4:BigBuckBunny_115k.mp4"; // rtmp地址 String rtmpDir = "rtmp://192.168.0.140:1935/liveapp/" + name + "?token=tokenValue"; String ffmpeg = Loader.load(org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.ffmpeg.class); ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder(ffmpeg, "-re", "-rtsp_transport", "tcp", "-i", rtspDir, "-f", "flv", "-vcodec", "h264", "-vprofile", "baseline", "-acodec", "aac", "-ar", "44100", "-strict", "-2", "-ac", "1", "-f", "flv", "-s", "640*360", "-q", "10", rtmpDir ); pb.inheritIO().start().waitFor(); } }
5、测试http-flv链接
如果你跟着我做的,那链接就是 http://127.0.0.1:18080/live?port=1935&app=liveapp&stream=test&token=tokenValue,在VLC播放器中点击媒体 -> 打开网络串流 -> 输入http://127.0.0.1:18080/live?port=1935&app=liveapp&stream=test&token=tokenValue -> 播放
有视频证明你离成功就差最后一步
6、前端使用flv.js播放:
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>播放http-flv</title> </head> <body> <video id="videoElement"></video> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/flv.js/1.6.2/flv.min.js"></script> <script> if (flvjs.isSupported()) { const videoElement = document.getElementById('videoElement'); const flvPlayer = flvjs.createPlayer({ type: 'flv', url: 'http://127.0.0.1:18080/live?port=1935&app=liveapp&stream=test&token=tokenValue' }); flvPlayer.attachMediaElement(videoElement); flvPlayer.load(); flvPlayer.play(); } </script> </body> </html>
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