二十、Ajax
1、axios(ajax)发送请求
ajax概述
Ajax即Asynchronous Javascript And XML(异步JavaScript和XML)在 2005年被Jesse James Garrett提出的新术语,用来描述一种使用现有技术集合的‘新’方法,包括: HTML 或 XHTML, CSS, JavaScript, DOM, XML, XSLT, 以及最重要的XMLHttpRequest。 [3] 使用Ajax技术网页应用能够快速地将增量更新呈现在用户界面上,而不需要重载(刷新)整个页面,这使得程序能够更快地回应用户的操作。
参考 原生ajax:AJAX 简介 | 菜鸟教程
axios 介绍
1.axios 是一个专注于网络请求的库,核心负责发请求和拿数据
在后面的vue react都会用axios来请求数据(类似于后端 httpclient)
2.Axios,是一个基于promise [5] 的网络请求库,作用于node.js和浏览器中,它是 isomorphic 的(即同一套代码可以运行在浏览器和node.js中)。在服务端它使用原生node.js http模块, 而在客户端 (浏览端) 则使用XMLHttpRequest。
3.Axios 中文文档 | Axios 中文网 | Axios 是一个基于 promise 的网络请求库,可以用于浏览器和 node.js
axios 发送get/post请求
页面引入axios cdn依赖
<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
// 1. 调用 axios 方法得到的返回值是 Promise 对象
axios({
// 请求方式
method: 'GET',
// 请求的地址
url: '接口地址',
// URL 中的查询参数
params: {
id: 1
}
}).then(function (result) {
console.log(result)
})
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: mayikt
Date: 2022/6/8
Time: 15:48
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>axios</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
<script>
function mayiktAxios() {
// 1. 调用 axios 方法得到的返回值是 Promise 对象
axios({
// 请求方式
method: 'GET',
// 请求的地址
url: 'http://localhost:8080/${pageContext.request.contextPath}/axiosServlet',
// URL 中的查询参数
params: {
name: "mayikt",
age: 22
}
}).then(function (result) {
alert(result.data);
})
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" value="发送ajax" onclick="mayiktAxios()"/>
</body>
</html>
package com.mayikt.servlet;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
@WebServlet("/axiosServlet")
public class AxiosServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
String name = req.getParameter("name");
String age = req.getParameter("age");
writer.print("mayikt,name:" + name + ",age:" + age);
writer.close();
}
}
axios验证用户名称是否存在
需求:当我们用户输入用户名称之后(会使用ajax验证用户名称是否已经存在 如果存在的话 则提示 该用户名称是已经存在的)
onkeyup—监听用户输入完内容 走监听方法
package com.mayikt.servlet;
import com.mayikt.entity.MayiktUserEntity;
import com.mayikt.service.MayikUsertService;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
@WebServlet("/exUserNameServlet")
public class ExUserNameServlet extends HttpServlet {
private MayikUsertService mayikUsertService = new MayikUsertService();
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//1.获取到用户输入的userName参数值
String userName = req.getParameter("userName");
//2.调用数据库根据userName查询用户名称是否存在
MayiktUserEntity mayiktUserEntity = mayikUsertService.findByUserName(userName);
PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
if (mayiktUserEntity != null) {
writer.print("该用户" + userName + "已经存在的 无法注册!");
}
writer.close();
}
}
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: mayikt
Date: 2022/6/6
Time: 17:12
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>注册页面</title>
<form action="/mayikt_session_war_exploded/register" method="post">
<label>用户名: </label><input type="text" name="userName" onkeyup="mayiktAxios(this)"/><br>
<label>密   码: </label><input type="password" name="userPwd"/><br>
<label>验证码: </label><input type="text" name="code"/><img id="exchangecode" src="VerifycodeServlet">
<a id="ecode" href="#">看不清?换一张图片</a><br>
<span id="error" style="color: red">${errorMsg}</span>
<input type="submit" value="注册"/>
</form>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function () {
//获取img标签的对象
img = document.getElementById("exchangecode");
img.onclick = function () {
//加时间戳,避免浏览器缓存
var date = new Date().getTime()
img.src = "VerifycodeServlet?" + date;
}
//获取a标签的对象
ec = document.getElementById("ecode");
ec.onclick = function () {
//加时间戳
var date = new Date().getTime()
img.src = "VerifycodeServlet?" + date;
}
}
</script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
<script>
function mayiktAxios(object) {
// 1.接受用户输入的userName
var userName = object.value;
// 2.使用Axios 发送ajax请求验证 userName是否存在的
axios({
// 请求方式
method: 'GET',
// 请求的地址
url: 'http://localhost:8080${pageContext.request.contextPath}/exUserNameServlet',
// URL 中的查询参数
params: {
userName: userName,
}
}).then(function (result) {
//定位 span id 名称 error 修改
document.getElementById("error").innerText = result.data;
})
}
</script>
</head>
</html>
2、json
json基础语法
JSON: JavaScript Object Notation(JavaScript 对象表示法);
JSON 是存储和交换文本信息的语法。类似 XML;
JSON —数据交换格式
客户端与服务器端之间通讯 —数据交换格式
JSON 体积XML 更小减少带宽传输
JSON 比 XML 更小、更快,更易解析;
json对象
{
name:”mayikt”,
age:22,
isFlag:true
}
如果该json值是为最后一个的情况下 不需要写,
json数组
[
{
name:”mayikt1″,
age:22,
isFlag:true
},
{
name:”mayikt2″,
age:22,
isFlag:true
}
]
{
code:200,
msg:”ok”,
data:[
{
name:”mayikt2″,
age:22,
isFlag:true
},
{
name:”mayikt2″,
age:22,
isFlag:true
}
]
}
1、JSON是由键值对构成的;
2、键要用引号(单双都行)引起,也可以不引;
3、取值范围:
数字(整数或浮点数)
字符串(在双引号中)
逻辑值(true 或 false)
数组(在中括号中)
对象(在大括号中)
null,不常用
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>jsonDemo</title>
<script>
// 1.定义json
var json1 = {name: "mayikt", age: 22, isFlag: true};
alert(json1.name);
alert(json1.age);
alert(json1.isFlag);
// 2.定义json数组
var jsonArr = {code: 200, data: [{name: "mayikt", age: 22}, {name: "meite", age: 22}]};
alert(jsonArr.code);
alert(jsonArr.data[0].name);
var userArr = jsonArr.data;
for (var i = 0; i < userArr.length; i++) {
alert(userArr[i].name + "," + userArr[i].age);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
fastjson用法
常见解析器:JsonLib,Gson,fastjson(阿里),jackson(Spring MVC内置解析器)
文档:javaweb开发相关资料下载.notea
链接:有道云笔记
package com.mayikt;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.mayikt.entity.MayiktUserEntity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.将数据对象变成json(字符串类型)
MayiktUserEntity user1 = new MayiktUserEntity(1, "mayikt", "mayikt");
MayiktUserEntity user2 = new MayiktUserEntity(1, "mayikt", "mayikt");
String json1 = JSONObject.toJSONString(user1);
System.out.println(json1);
//2.嵌套json
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("code", 200);
jsonObject.put("msg", "ok");
//data值 数组类型
ArrayList<MayiktUserEntity> mayiktUserEntities = new ArrayList<>();
mayiktUserEntities.add(user1);
mayiktUserEntities.add(user2);
jsonObject.put("data", mayiktUserEntities);
System.out.println(jsonObject.toJSONString());
}
}
package com.mayikt;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONPObject;
import com.mayikt.entity.MayiktUserEntity;
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String jsonStr = "{\"msg\":\"ok\",\"code\":200,\"data\":[{\"id\":1,\"userName\":\"mayikt\",\"userPwd\":\"mayikt\"},{\"id\":1,\"userName\":\"mayikt\",\"userPwd\":\"mayikt\"}]}";
// string类型-----jsonobject----jsonobject
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr);
// Integer code = (Integer) jsonObject.get("code");
Integer code = jsonObject.getInteger("code");
String msg = jsonObject.getString("msg");
System.out.println(code + "," + msg);
JSONArray data = jsonObject.getJSONArray("data");
for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
JSONObject object = (JSONObject) data.get(i);
Integer id = object.getInteger("id");
String userName = object.getString("userName");
String userPwd = object.getString("userPwd");
MayiktUserEntity mayiktUserEntity = new MayiktUserEntity(id, userName, userPwd);
System.out.println(mayiktUserEntity);
}
}
}
package com.mayikt;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.mayikt.entity.Result;
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String jsonStr = "{\"msg\":\"ok\",\"code\":200,\"data\":[{\"id\":1,\"userName\":\"mayikt\",\"userPwd\":\"mayikt\"},{\"id\":1,\"userName\":\"mayikt\",\"userPwd\":\"mayikt\"}]}";
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr);
Result result = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr, Result.class);
// java序列化技术 将 json变成对象
System.out.println(result);
}
}
package com.mayikt.entity;
import java.util.List;
public class Result {
private Integer code;
private String msg;
private List<MayiktUserEntity> data;
public Integer getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(Integer code) {
this.code = code;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
public List<MayiktUserEntity> getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(List<MayiktUserEntity> data) {
this.data = data;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Result{" +
"code=" + code +
", msg='" + msg + '\'' +
", data=" + data +
'}';
}
}
axios({
method: "post",
url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/addUser",
data: JSON.stringify(userList),
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8'
}
}).then(resp => {
})
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