一、实现初bean的始化
spring中支持3种初始化bean的方法:
- xml中指定init-method方法
- 使用@PostConstruct注解
- 实现InitializingBean接口
第一种方法太古老了,现在用的人不多,具体用法就不介绍了。
1.使用@PostConstruct注解
在需要初始化的方法上增加@PostConstruct注解,这样就有初始化的能力。
@Service
public class TestService1 {
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
System.out.println("===TestService1初始化===");
}
}
2.实现InitializingBean接口
实现InitializingBean接口,重写afterPropertiesSet方法,该方法中可以完成初始化功能。
@Service
public class TestService2 implements InitializingBean {
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
System.out.println("===TestService2初始化===");
}
}
疑问:init-method、PostConstruct 和 InitializingBean 的执行顺序是什么样的?
决定他们调用顺序的关键代码在AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory类的initializeBean方法中。
这段代码中会先调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization方法,而PostConstruct是通过InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor实现的,它就是一个BeanPostProcessor,所以PostConstruct先执行。
而invokeInitMethods方法中的代码:
决定了先调用InitializingBean,再调用init-method。
二、获取spring容器对象
1.实现ApplicationContextAware接口
最常用的是方法是:实现ApplicationContextAware接口,然后重写setApplicationContext方法,也能从该方法中获取到spring容器对象。
@Service
public class PersonService1 implements ApplicationContextAware {
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
}
public void add() {
Person person = (Person) applicationContext.getBean("person");
}
}
2.实现BeanFactoryAware接口
实现BeanFactoryAware接口,然后重写setBeanFactory方法,就能从该方法中获取到spring容器对象。
@Service
public class PersonService2 implements BeanFactoryAware {
private BeanFactory beanFactory;
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
}
public void add() {
Person person = (Person) beanFactory.getBean("person");
}
}
3.实现ApplicationListener接口
实现ApplicationListener接口,需要注意的是该接口接收的泛型是ContextRefreshedEvent类,然后重写onApplicationEvent方法,也能从该方法中获取到spring容器对象。
@Service
public class PersonService3 implements ApplicationListener<ContextRefreshedEvent> {
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ContextRefreshedEvent event) {
applicationContext = event.getApplicationContext();
}
public void add() {
Person person = (Person) applicationContext.getBean("person");
}
}
此外,不得不提一下Aware接口,它其实是一个空接口,里面不包含任何方法。
它表示已感知的意思,通过这类接口可以获取指定对象,比如:
- 通过BeanFactoryAware获取BeanFactory
- 通过ApplicationContextAware获取ApplicationContext
- 通过BeanNameAware获取BeanName等
三、spring mvc拦截器
spring mvc拦截器根spring拦截器相比,它里面能够获取HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse 等web对象实例。
spring mvc拦截器的顶层接口是:HandlerInterceptor,包含三个方法:
- preHandle 目标方法执行前执行
- postHandle 目标方法执行后执行
- afterCompletion 请求完成时执行
为了方便我们一般情况会用HandlerInterceptor接口的实现类HandlerInterceptorAdapter类。
假如有权限认证、日志、统计的场景,可以使用该拦截器。
第一步,继承HandlerInterceptorAdapter类定义拦截器:
public class AuthInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
throws Exception {
String requestUrl = request.getRequestURI();
if (checkAuth(requestUrl)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
private boolean checkAuth(String requestUrl) {
System.out.println("===权限校验===");
return true;
}
}
第二步,将该拦截器注册到spring容器:
@Configuration
public class InterceptorConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
/**
* 不需要登录拦截的url
*/
final String[] notLoginInterceptPaths = {
"/home",
"/demo/**"
};
@Bean
public HandlerInterceptor getLoginInterceptor(){
return new LoginInterceptor();
}
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(getLoginInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
.excludePathPatterns(notLoginInterceptPaths);
}
}
原理:在请求接口时spring mvc通过该拦截器,能够自动拦截该接口,并且校验权限。
该拦截器其实相对来说,比较简单,可以在DispatcherServlet类的doDispatch方法中看到调用过程:
四、全局异常处理
通过ControllerAdvice拦截所有的请求,拦截到对应的异常后,封装成统一的实体,友好的返回,可以根据拦截的异常类型分类处理,也可以捕捉更大的异常统一处理
@ControllerAdvice(annotations = {RestController.class, Controller.class})
@Slf4j
public class GlobalControllerExceptionHandler {
@ExceptionHandler({HttpMessageNotReadableException.class, MissingServletRequestParameterException.class,
TypeMismatchException.class})
public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleException(Exception e) {
ErrorResponse errorResponse = new ErrorResponse(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value(),
GlobalErrorResponseConstants.REQUEST_ERROR_CODE + "", GlobalErrorResponseConstants.REQUEST_ERROR_MESSAGE,
e.getMessage());
log.warn("[BadRequestWarn]: " + combineRequestMetaAndResponse(errorResponse), e);
return new ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse>(errorResponse, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
}
@ExceptionHandler
public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e) {
List<ObjectError> allErrors = e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors();
return convertToResponseEntity(allErrors);
}
@ExceptionHandler
public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleException(BindException e) {
List<ObjectError> allErrors = e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors();
return convertToResponseEntity(allErrors);
}
private ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> convertToResponseEntity(List<ObjectError> allErrors) {
String developerMessage = "";
for (ObjectError error : allErrors) {
developerMessage += error.getDefaultMessage() + "; ";
}
ErrorResponse errorResponse = new ErrorResponse(HttpStatus.UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY.value(),
GlobalErrorResponseConstants.REQUEST_ERROR_CODE + "", GlobalErrorResponseConstants.REQUEST_ERROR_MESSAGE,
developerMessage);
log.warn("[ClientWarn]: " + combineRequestMetaAndResponse(errorResponse));
return new ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse>(errorResponse, HttpStatus.UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY);
}
private String combineRequestMetaAndResponse(ErrorResponse errorResponse) {
return this.combineRequestMetaAndResponse(errorResponse, null);
}
private String combineRequestMetaAndResponse(ErrorResponse errorResponse, String url) {
Map<String, Object> requestMeta = Maps.newHashMap();
requestMeta.put("requestApi", StatisticsThreadLocal.getApiName());
requestMeta.put("requestId", ParameterThreadLocal.getRequestId());
requestMeta.put("httpOutUrl", url);
requestMeta.putAll(errorResponse.toMap());
return JSON.toJSONString(requestMeta);
}
@ExceptionHandler
public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleException(BaseException e) {
ErrorResponse errorResponse = new ErrorResponse(e.getHttpStatus(), e.getCode(), e.getMessage(),
e.getDeveloperMessage(), e.getErrorLevel());
if (e instanceof ServerException) {
log.error("[ServerError]: " + combineRequestMetaAndResponse(errorResponse), e);
} else {
log.warn("[ClientWarn]: " + combineRequestMetaAndResponse(errorResponse), e);
}
return new ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse>(errorResponse, HttpStatus.valueOf(e.getHttpStatus()));
}
@ExceptionHandler
public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleException(HttpClientException e) {
HttpStatus httpStatus = HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
ErrorResponse errorResponse = new ErrorResponse(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(),
GlobalErrorResponseConstants.INTERNAL_CALL_ERROR_CODE + "",
GlobalErrorResponseConstants.INTERNAL_CALL_ERROR_MESSAGE, e.getMessage());
if (e.getErrorResponse() != null) {
errorResponse = e.getErrorResponse();
}
Integer httpStatusCode = e.getHttpStatusCode();
if (httpStatusCode != null) {
httpStatus = HttpStatus.valueOf(httpStatusCode);
log.warn("[HttpWarn]: " + combineRequestMetaAndResponse(errorResponse, e.getUrl()));
} else {
log.error("[HttpError]: " + combineRequestMetaAndResponse(errorResponse, e.getUrl()), e);
}
return new ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse>(errorResponse, httpStatus);
}
@ExceptionHandler
public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleGeneralException(Exception e) {
ErrorResponse errorResponse = new ErrorResponse(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(),
GlobalErrorResponseConstants.COMMON_SERVER_ERROR_CODE + "",
GlobalErrorResponseConstants.COMMON_SERVER_ERROR_MESSAGE, e.getMessage());
log.error("[UncaughtError]: " + combineRequestMetaAndResponse(errorResponse), e);
return new ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse>(errorResponse, HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
}
}
全局异常响应实体类
@Data
public class ErrorResponse {
private int status;
private String code;
private String message;
private String developerMessage;
private String errorLevel;
public ErrorResponse() {
}
public ErrorResponse(int status, String code, String message, String developerMessage) {
super();
this.status = status;
this.code = code;
this.message = message;
this.developerMessage = developerMessage;
}
public ErrorResponse(int status, String code, String message, String developerMessage, String errorLevel) {
super();
this.status = status;
this.code = code;
this.message = message;
this.developerMessage = developerMessage;
this.errorLevel = errorLevel;
}
public Map<String, Object> toMap() {
Map<String, Object> map = Maps.newHashMap();
map.put("status", status);
map.put("code", code);
map.put("message", message);
map.put("developerMessage", developerMessage);
map.put("errorLevel", errorLevel);
return map;
}
}
全局异常响应码
public class GlobalErrorResponseConstants {
public static final int COMMON_SERVER_ERROR_CODE = 1001;
public static final String COMMON_SERVER_ERROR_MESSAGE = "系统忙不过来啦,稍等一下";
public static final int COMMON_CLIENT_ERROR_CODE = 1005;
public static final String COMMON_CLIENT_ERROR_MESSAGE = "您的操作有误,重新试试吧";
public static final int REQUEST_ERROR_CODE = 1002;
public static final String REQUEST_ERROR_MESSAGE = "输入信息有误,重新试试吧";
public static final int COMMON_BIZ_ERROR_CODE = 1003;
public static final int INTERNAL_CALL_ERROR_CODE = 1004;
public static final String INTERNAL_CALL_ERROR_MESSAGE = "系统忙不过来啦,稍等一下";
public static final int SESSION_TIMEOUT_ERROR_CODE = 1006;
public static final String SESSION_TIMEOUT_ERROR_MESSAGE = "发呆的时间太长,请先登录哦";
}
五、springboot异步处理
第一步,springboot项目启动类上加@EnableAsync注解。
@EnableAsync
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SpringApplicationBuilder(Application.class).web(WebApplicationType.SERVLET).run(args);
}
}
第二步,在需要使用异步的方法上加上@Async注解:
@Service
public class PersonService {
@Async
public String get() {
System.out.println("===add==");
return "data";
}
}
然后在使用的地方调用一下:personService.get();就拥有了异步功能,是不是很神奇。
默认情况下,spring会为我们的异步方法创建一个线程去执行,如果该方法被调用次数非常多的话,需要创建大量的线程,会导致资源浪费。
这时,我们可以定义一个线程池,异步方法将会被自动提交到线程池中执行。
线程池配置类,读取配置文件中的配置,初始化线程池,这里先给上默认配置
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = AsyncProperties.PROPERTY_PREFIX)
@Data
public class AsyncProperties {
public final static String PROPERTY_PREFIX = "async.executor";
private int corePoolSize = 5;
private int maxPoolSize = 10;
private int keepAliveSeconds = 60;
private int queueCapacity = 20;
}
自定义线程池,此处加上@EnableAsync,就不需要在启动类上添加了
@Configuration
@EnableAsync
@EnableConfigurationProperties({AsyncProperties.class})
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = AsyncProperties.PROPERTY_PREFIX, value = "enabled")
public class AsyncConfig{
@Autowired
private AsyncProperties asyncProperties;
@Bean(name = "taskExecutor")
public Executor frameworkAsync() {
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
executor.setCorePoolSize(asyncProperties.getCorePoolSize());
executor.setMaxPoolSize(asyncProperties.getMaxPoolSize());
executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(asyncProperties.getKeepAliveSeconds());
executor.setQueueCapacity(asyncProperties.getQueueCapacity());
/* CALLER_RUNS:不在新线程中执行任务,而是有调用者所在的线程来执行 */
executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
executor.initialize();
return executor;
}
}
六、自定义Enable开关
不知道你有没有用过Enable开头的注解,比如:EnableAsync、EnableCaching、EnableAspectJAutoProxy等,这类注解就像开关一样,只要在@Configuration定义的配置类上加上这类注解,就能开启相关的功能。
是不是很酷?
让我们一起实现一个自己的开关:
第一步,定义一个LogFilter:
public class LogFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("记录请求日志");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
System.out.println("记录响应日志");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
第二步,注册LogFilter:
@Configuration
public class LogFilterWebConfig {
@Bean
public LogFilter timeFilter() {
return new LogFilter();
}
}
第三步,定义开关@EnableLog注解:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Import(LogFilterWebConfig.class)
public @interface EnableLog {
}
第四步,只需在springboot启动类加上@EnableLog注解即可开启LogFilter记录请求和响应日志的功能。
七、自定义Scope
我们都知道spring默认支持的Scope只有两种:
- singleton 单例,每次从spring容器中获取到的bean都是同一个对象。
- prototype多例,每次从spring容器中获取到的bean都是不同的对象。
spring web又对Scope进行了扩展,增加了:
- RequestScope 同一次请求从spring容器中获取到的bean都是同一个对象。
- SessionScope 同一个会话从spring容器中获取到的bean都是同一个对象。
即便如此,有些场景还是无法满足我们的要求。
比如,我们想在同一个线程中从spring容器获取到的bean都是同一个对象,该怎么办?
这就需要自定义Scope了。
第一步实现Scope接口:
public class ThreadLocalScope implements Scope {
private static final ThreadLocal THREAD_LOCAL_SCOPE = new ThreadLocal();
@Override
public Object get(String name, ObjectFactory<?> objectFactory) {
Object value = THREAD_LOCAL_SCOPE.get();
if (value != null) {
return value;
}
Object object = objectFactory.getObject();
THREAD_LOCAL_SCOPE.set(object);
return object;
}
@Override
public Object remove(String name) {
THREAD_LOCAL_SCOPE.remove();
return null;
}
@Override
public void registerDestructionCallback(String name, Runnable callback) {
}
@Override
public Object resolveContextualObject(String key) {
return null;
}
@Override
public String getConversationId() {
return null;
}
}
第二步将新定义的Scope注入到spring容器中:
@Component
public class ThreadLocalBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
beanFactory.registerScope("threadLocalScope", new ThreadLocalScope());
}
}
第三步使用新定义的Scope:
@Scope("threadLocalScope")
@Service
public class CService {
public void add() {
}
}
八、本地缓存spring cache
spring cache架构图:
它目前支持多种缓存:
我们在这里以caffeine为例,它是spring官方推荐的。
第一步,引入caffeine的相关jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.ben-manes.caffeine</groupId>
<artifactId>caffeine</artifactId>
<version>2.6.0</version>
</dependency>
第二步,配置CacheManager,开启EnableCaching
@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class CacheConfig {
@Bean
public CacheManager cacheManager(){
CaffeineCacheManager cacheManager = new CaffeineCacheManager();
//Caffeine配置
Caffeine<Object, Object> caffeine = Caffeine.newBuilder()
//最后一次写入后经过固定时间过期
.expireAfterWrite(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
//缓存的最大条数
.maximumSize(1000);
cacheManager.setCaffeine(caffeine);
return cacheManager;
}
}
第三步,使用Cacheable注解获取数据
@Service
public class CategoryService {
//category是缓存名称,#type是具体的key,可支持el表达式
@Cacheable(value = "category", key = "#type")
public CategoryModel getCategory(Integer type) {
return getCategoryByType(type);
}
private CategoryModel getCategoryByType(Integer type) {
System.out.println("根据不同的type:" + type + "获取不同的分类数据");
CategoryModel categoryModel = new CategoryModel();
categoryModel.setId(1L);
categoryModel.setParentId(0L);
categoryModel.setName("电器");
categoryModel.setLevel(3);
return categoryModel;
}
}
调用categoryService.getCategory()方法时,先从caffine缓存中获取数据,如果能够获取到数据则直接返回该数据,不会进入方法体。如果不能获取到数据,则直接方法体中的代码获取到数据,然后放到caffine缓存中。
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