1、简介

shopt，即shell option，用于显示和设置shell中的行为选项，通过这些选项以增强shell易用性。

2、用法

shopt [-sup] [optionName]

其中：

-s：打开某个选项
-u：关闭某个选项
-p：列出所有可设置的选项

shopt查看所有选项及其值

[root@localhost~ ] shopt
autocd         	off
cdable_vars    	off
cdspell        	off
checkhash      	off
checkjobs      	off
checkwinsize   	on
cmdhist        	on
compat31       	off
compat32       	off
compat40       	off
dirspell       	off
dotglob        	off
execfail       	off
expand_aliases 	on
extdebug       	off
extglob        	on
extquote       	on
failglob       	off
force_fignore  	on
globstar       	off
gnu_errfmt     	off
histappend     	off
histreedit     	off
histverify     	off
hostcomplete   	on
huponexit      	off
interactive_comments	on
lithist        	off
login_shell    	on
mailwarn       	off
no_empty_cmd_completion	off
nocaseglob     	off
nocasematch    	off
nullglob       	off
progcomp       	on
promptvars     	on
restricted_shell	off
shift_verbose  	off
sourcepath     	on
xpg_echo       	off
[root@master four]# shopt
autocd         	off
cdable_vars    	off
cdspell        	off
checkhash      	off
checkjobs      	off
checkwinsize   	on
cmdhist        	on
compat31       	off
compat32       	off
compat40       	off
dirspell       	off
dotglob        	off
execfail       	off
expand_aliases 	on
extdebug       	off
extglob        	on
extquote       	on
failglob       	off
force_fignore  	on
globstar       	off
gnu_errfmt     	off
histappend     	off
histreedit     	off
histverify     	off
hostcomplete   	on
huponexit      	off
interactive_comments	on
lithist        	off
login_shell    	on
mailwarn       	off
no_empty_cmd_completion	off
nocaseglob     	off
nocasematch    	off
nullglob       	off
progcomp       	on
promptvars     	on
restricted_shell	off
shift_verbose  	off
sourcepath     	on
xpg_echo       	off

3、常用参数extglob—开启扩展模式匹配

shopt的选项很多，常用的有extglob，用于开启扩展模式匹配。开启之后Shell可以另外识别出5个模式匹配操作符，能使文件匹配更加方便。

- 查看extglob选项的状态
shopt extglob

- 开启extglob
shopt -s extglob

- 关闭extglob
shopt -u extglob

开启extglob，Shell可以另外识别出5个模式匹配操作符：

匹配操作符	含义
?(pattern-list)	所给模式匹配0次或1次
*(pattern-list)	所给模式匹配0次以上，包括0次
+(pattern-list)	所给模式匹配1次以上，包括1次
@(pattern-list)	所给模式仅仅匹配一次
！(pattern-list)	不匹配括号内的所给模式