Linux改为国内镜像源

在使用Linux系统过程中，经常会安装或更新相关的软件，如果使用默认的下载源会导致下载非常慢，下面介绍一下如何将下载源改为国内的。

一、CentOS修改yum源

如果你使用的实CentOS系统，它的yum源文件在 /etc/yum.repos.d 目录下，如果要替换yum源为国内的阿里云只需要将 CentOS-Base.repo 做一下替换，命令如下：

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo_bak

然后下载repo文件到 /etc/yum.repos.d 目录下：

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

或

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

或者直接编辑文件将下面的内容写入 CentOS-Base.repo 文件内：

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
 
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

清空原本yum缓存并生成新的yum缓存：

yum clean all
yum makecache

注意，以上是在CentOS7下的yum源文件替换，如果是其他的发行版做相应的调整。

二、Ubuntu修改apt-get源

Ubuntu的apt-get源文件在 /etc/apt 目录下的 sources.list ，要调整apt-get源文件只需要将该文件对应的下载源做相应的替换就可以了，为了能够恢复，首先将原来的文件做一下拷贝：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_bak

然后就是对文件内容的调整了，不同的版本对应的代号如下：
Ubuntu 22.04：jammy
Ubuntu 20.04：focal
Ubuntu 18.04：bionic
Ubuntu 16.04：xenia

国内比较常用的源有下面这些：
清华源：mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
阿里云：mirrors.aliyun.com
网易云：mirrors.163.com

要调整下载源文件只需要编辑 sources.list 文件，将原来的下载链接调整为相应的链接就可以了（例如将默认的 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ 替换为 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/）。
比如我用的是22版本，将下载源改为阿里云，那么 sources.list 文件内容是下面这样：

#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS _Jammy Jellyfish_ - Release amd64 (20230223)]/ jammy main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse

# This system was installed using small removable media
# (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom"
# entries were disabled at the end of the installation process.
# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
# see the sources.list(5) manual.

然后更新源就可以了：