一、autofs介绍

Autofs 是一项可自动挂载相应文件系统的客户端服务，可用于nfs共享的自动挂载，无需手动mount挂载，方便日常使用。

二、检查本地系统环境

1.检查系统版本

[root@jeven ~]# cat /etc/os-release  NAME="CentOS Linux" VERSION="7 (Core)" ID="centos" ID_LIKE="rhel fedora" VERSION_ID="7" PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)" ANSI_COLOR="0;31" CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7" HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"  CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7" CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"   

2.检查系统内核版本

[root@jeven ~]# uname -r  6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   

三、部署nfs服务

1.检查系统nfs软件包

检查系统nfs软件包是否安装

 [root@jeven ~]#  yum list installed |grep nfs libnfsidmap.x86_64                      0.25-19.el7                    @anaconda nfs-utils.x86_64                        1:1.3.0-0.61.el7               @anaconda nfs4-acl-tools.x86_64                   0.3.3-19.el7                   @anaconda 

2.安装nfs

[root@jeven ~]# yum install nfs-utils rpcbind -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile  * elrepo: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn base                                                                                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00      docker-ce-stable                                                                                                                             | 3.5 kB  00:00:00      elrepo                                                                                                                                       | 3.0 kB  00:00:00      epel                                                                                                                                         | 4.7 kB  00:00:00      extras                                                                                                                                       | 2.9 kB  00:00:00      updates                                                                                                                                      | 2.9 kB  00:00:00      (1/3): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                  |  95 kB  00:00:00      (2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                                                | 1.0 MB  00:00:01      (3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                | 7.0 MB  00:00:10      Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.61.el7 will be updated ---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 will be an update ---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-47.el7 will be updated ---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution  Dependencies Resolved  ====================================================================================================================================================================  Package                               Arch                               Version                                         Repository                           Size ==================================================================================================================================================================== Updating:  nfs-utils                             x86_64                             1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2                              updates                             413 k  rpcbind                               x86_64                             0.2.0-49.el7                                    base                                 60 k  Transaction Summary ==================================================================================================================================================================== Upgrade  2 Packages  Total download size: 473 k Downloading packages: No Presto metadata available for base No Presto metadata available for updates (1/2): rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                       |  60 kB  00:00:00      (2/2): nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                 | 413 kB  00:00:00      -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total                                                                                                                               607 kB/s | 473 kB  00:00:00      Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction   Updating   : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                      1/4    Updating   : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64                                                                                                              2/4    Cleanup    : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.61.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                3/4    Cleanup    : rpcbind-0.2.0-47.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                      4/4    Verifying  : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64                                                                                                              1/4    Verifying  : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                      2/4    Verifying  : rpcbind-0.2.0-47.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                      3/4    Verifying  : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.61.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                4/4   Updated:   nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2                                                 rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7                                                  Complete!    

3.创建共享目录

mkdir -p /nfs   #创建共享目录 

4.编辑配置文件

 echo "/nfs *(insecure,rw,sync,no_root_squash)" > /etc/exports 

5.重启nfs相关服务

 systemctl enable --now rpcbind  systemctl enable --now  nfs-server  

6.查看nfs服务状态

 [root@jeven ~]# systemctl status nfs-server ● nfs-server.service - NFS server and services    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)   Drop-In: /run/systemd/generator/nfs-server.service.d            └─order-with-mounts.conf    Active: active (exited) since Sat 2023-02-04 11:00:17 CST; 1min 1s ago   Process: 63991 ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c if systemctl -q is-active gssproxy; then systemctl reload gssproxy ; fi (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)   Process: 63969 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/rpc.nfsd $RPCNFSDARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)   Process: 63967 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/exportfs -r (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)  Main PID: 63969 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)     Tasks: 0    Memory: 0B    CGroup: /system.slice/nfs-server.service  Feb 04 11:00:15 jeven systemd[1]: Starting NFS server and services... Feb 04 11:00:17 jeven systemd[1]: Started NFS server and services.  

四、远程客户端测试nfs共享

[root@server001 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.3.166 Export list for 192.168.3.166: /nfs *    

五、配置autofs自动挂载

1.安装autofs软件包

[root@server001 ~]# yum -y install autofs Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager  This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.  Determining fastest mirrors base                                                                                                                                             | 3.6 kB  00:00:00      docker-ce-stable                                                                                                                                 | 3.5 kB  00:00:00      extras                                                                                                                                           | 2.9 kB  00:00:00      updates                                                                                                                                          | 2.9 kB  00:00:00      (1/2): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                      |  95 kB  00:00:00      (2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                               |  19 MB  00:00:22      Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package autofs.x86_64 1:5.0.7-116.el7_9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libhesiod.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:autofs-5.0.7-116.el7_9.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package hesiod.x86_64 0:3.2.1-3.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution  Dependencies Resolved  ========================================================================================================================================================================  Package                              Arch                                 Version                                          Repository                             Size ======================================================================================================================================================================== Installing:  autofs                               x86_64                               1:5.0.7-116.el7_9                                updates                               834 k Installing for dependencies:  hesiod                               x86_64                               3.2.1-3.el7                                      base                                   30 k  Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================================== Install  1 Package (+1 Dependent package)  Total download size: 864 k Installed size: 5.2 M Downloading packages: (1/2): hesiod-3.2.1-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                             |  30 kB  00:00:00      (2/2): autofs-5.0.7-116.el7_9.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                         | 834 kB  00:00:01      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total                                                                                                                                   718 kB/s | 864 kB  00:00:01      Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction   Installing : hesiod-3.2.1-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                            1/2    Installing : 1:autofs-5.0.7-116.el7_9.x86_64                                                                                                                      2/2    Verifying  : hesiod-3.2.1-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                            1/2    Verifying  : 1:autofs-5.0.7-116.el7_9.x86_64                                                                                                                      2/2   Installed:   autofs.x86_64 1:5.0.7-116.el7_9                                                                                                                                         Dependency Installed:   hesiod.x86_64 0:3.2.1-3.el7                                                                                                                                             Complete!     

2.设置服务开机自启

[root@server001 ~]# systemctl enable --now autofs Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/autofs.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/autofs.service. 

3.配置autofs自动挂载

指定 zhangsan用户挂载的本地目录为/home/zhangsan，挂载用户家目录配置文件为/etc/auto.nfs

[root@server001 ~]# grep home /etc/auto.master /home /etc/auto.nfs [root@server001 ~]# cat  /etc/auto.nfs zhangsan -fstype=nfs,rw 192.168.3.166:/nfs 

4.重启autofs服务

 [root@server001 ~]# systemctl restart autofs [root@server001 ~]#  

六、测试客户端autofs自动挂载

1.进入/home/zhangsan目录

进入/home/zhangsan目录，autofs自动将/nfs共享目录挂载到本地/home/zhangsan目录。

 [root@server001 ~]# cd /home/zhangsan [root@server001 zhangsan]# df -h |grep zhangsan 192.168.3.166:/nfs       106G   49G   58G  47% /home/zhangsan  

2.测试共享目录创建文件

• 客户端写入文件

[root@server001 zhangsan]# touch aa.txt [root@server001 zhangsan]# ls aa.txt  

• nfs服务端查看文件

[root@jeven ~]# cd /nfs/ [root@jeven nfs]# ls aa.txt   

原文始发于微信公众号（运维江湖客）：Linux系统之使用autofs自动挂载nfs共享