默认情况下, MySQL启用自动提交模式(变量autocommit为ON)。这意味着, 只要你执行DML操作的语句,MySQL会立即隐式提交事务(Implicit Commit)。这个跟SQL Server基本是类似。如果你了解SQL Server数据库的话。
查看autocommit模式
由于变量autocommit分会话系统变量与全局系统变量,所以查询的时候,最好区别是会话系统变量还是全局系统变量。
mysql> show session variables like 'autocommit';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| autocommit | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show global variables like 'autocommit';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| autocommit | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
Value的值为ON,表示autocommit开启。OFF表示autocommit关闭。
修改autocommit模式
mysql> set session autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show session variables like 'autocommit';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| autocommit | OFF |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show global variables like 'autocommit';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| autocommit | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> set global autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show global variables like 'autocommit';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| autocommit | OFF |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
注意,上述SQL修改会话系统变量或全局系统变量,只对当前实例有效,如果MySQL服务重启的话,这些设置就会丢失,如果要永久生效,就必须在配置文件中修改系统变量。
[mysqld]
autocommit=0
不过网上还有种方式,如下所示,我在MySQL 5.6/5.7下测试,发现不生效,查了一下,这种方式从MySQL 5.6开始已经不生效了,必须用autocommit=0替换。
[mysqld]
init_connect='SET autocommit=0'
autocommit与显性事务的关系
对于显性事务start transaction或begin, 在自动提交模式关闭(关闭隐式提交)的情况下,开启一个事务上下文。首先数据库会隐式提交之前的还未被提交的操作,同时开启一个新事务。如有不明,可以用下面小实验理解一下:测试,会话1:
mysql> select connection_id();
+-----------------+
| connection_id() |
+-----------------+
| 1 |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'autocommit';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| autocommit | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from MyDB.test where name='kerry';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
在会话2中查看,此时可以查询到会话ID为1的事务信息, 如下所示
mysql> select connection_id();
+-----------------+
| connection_id() |
+-----------------+
| 2 |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT a.trx_state,
-> b.event_name,
-> a.trx_started,
-> b.timer_wait / 1000000000000 timer_wait,
-> a.trx_mysql_thread_id blocking_trx_id,
-> b.sql_text
-> FROM information_schema.innodb_trx a,
-> performance_schema.events_statements_current b,
-> performance_schema.threads c
-> WHERE a.trx_mysql_thread_id = c.processlist_id
-> AND b.thread_id = c.thread_id;
+-----------+----------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| trx_state | event_name | trx_started | timer_wait | blocking_trx_id | sql_text |
+-----------+----------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| RUNNING | statement/sql/delete | 2018-03-23 14:55:00 | 0.0010 | 1 | delete from MyDB.test where name='kerry' |
+-----------+----------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
如果在会话1当中开启显性事务,那么之前挂起的事务会自动提交,然后,你再去会话2当中查询,就发现之前的DELETE操作已经提交。
mysql> select connection_id();
+-----------------+
| connection_id() |
+-----------------+
| 2 |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT a.trx_state,
-> b.event_name,
-> a.trx_started,
-> b.timer_wait / 1000000000000 timer_wait,
-> a.trx_mysql_thread_id blocking_trx_id,
-> b.sql_text
-> FROM information_schema.innodb_trx a,
-> performance_schema.events_statements_current b,
-> performance_schema.threads c
-> WHERE a.trx_mysql_thread_id = c.processlist_id
-> AND b.thread_id = c.thread_id;
+-----------+----------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| trx_state | event_name | trx_started | timer_wait | blocking_trx_id | sql_text |
+-----------+----------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| RUNNING | statement/sql/delete | 2018-03-23 14:55:00 | 0.0010 | 1 | delete from MyDB.test where name='kerry' |
+-----------+----------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT a.trx_state,
-> b.event_name,
-> a.trx_started,
-> b.timer_wait / 1000000000000 timer_wait,
-> a.trx_mysql_thread_id blocking_trx_id,
-> b.sql_text
-> FROM information_schema.innodb_trx a,
-> performance_schema.events_statements_current b,
-> performance_schema.threads c
-> WHERE a.trx_mysql_thread_id = c.processlist_id
-> AND b.thread_id = c.thread_id;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
With START TRANSACTION, autocommit remains disabled until you end the transaction with COMMIT or ROLLBACK. The autocommit mode then reverts to its previous state
使用START TRANSACTION,自动提交将保持禁用状态,直到你使用COMMIT或ROLLBACK结束事务。自动提交模式然后恢复到之前的状态(如果start transaction 前 autocommit = 1,则完成本次事务后 autocommit 还是 1。如果 start transaction 前 autocommit = 0,则完成本次事务后 autocommit 还是 0)
参考资料:
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/commit.html
原文始发于微信公众号(DBA闲思杂想录):MySQL的自动提交模式
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