SpringBoot 邮件服务集成配置详解

前言

本文以网易邮箱（及 163 邮箱）为例，展示如何为 SpringBoot 项目集成邮件服务，其他邮箱配置类似，可以自行查看 Spring Email 指南^[1] 或是其他官方文档

授权码

首先我们需要获取授权码，用于后续配置，登录邮箱： https://mail.163.com/

点击顶端设置，之后选择 POP3/SMTP/IMAP 选项

POP3/SMTP 服务已开启 – 开启该服务，开启是需要验证手机号发送验证码。

验证完成会返回授权码，该授权码只显示一次，记得保存，否则需要重新发送验证码获取新的授权码

添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>

配置文件

Spring Boot 为 JavaMailSender 提供了自动配置以及启动器模块。

spring:
  mail:
    default-encoding: UTF-8
    host: smtp.163.com # 网站发送邮件邮箱服务 host    port: 465
    username: xxx@163.com # 邮箱
    password: ONSWXXXXXXXX # 授权码
    protocol: smtp
    properties:
      mail:
        smtp:
          auth: 'true'
          socketFactory:
            class: com.rymcu.forest.util.MailSSLSocketFactory
#            class: javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory
            port: 465
          ssl:
            enable: true
          starttls:
            enable: true
          stattls:
            required: true
          connectiontimeout: 5000
          timeout: 3000
          writetimeout: 5000

注意：上面的 password 不是你的邮箱密码，而是我们上一章节得到的授权码

编写代码

注：代码部分来自仓库：rymcu/forest: forest(森林)^[5]，同时进行了改动

SSL 相关配置

本章节为需要使用 https 协议的相关配置，没有该需求这个小章节可以先跳过，给后面配置完后再来配置也没有影响，不过应该需要设置 spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.ssl.enable=false 以此来关闭 ssl

MailSSLSocketFactory

package com.rymcu.forest.util;

import javax.net.SocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class MailSSLSocketFactory extends SSLSocketFactory {
    private SSLSocketFactory factory;

    public MailSSLSocketFactory() {
        try {
            SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
            sslcontext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{new MailTrustManager()}, null);
            factory = sslcontext.getSocketFactory();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            // ignore
        }
    }

    public static SocketFactory getDefault() {
        return new MailSSLSocketFactory();
    }

    @Override
    public Socket createSocket() throws IOException {
        return factory.createSocket();
    }

    @Override
    public Socket createSocket(Socket socket, String s, int i, boolean flag) throws IOException {
        return factory.createSocket(socket, s, i, flag);
    }

    @Override
    public Socket createSocket(InetAddress inaddr, int i, InetAddress inaddr1, int j) throws IOException {
        return factory.createSocket(inaddr, i, inaddr1, j);
    }

    @Override
    public Socket createSocket(InetAddress inaddr, int i) throws IOException {
        return factory.createSocket(inaddr, i);
    }

    @Override
    public Socket createSocket(String s, int i, InetAddress inaddr, int j) throws IOException {
        return factory.createSocket(s, i, inaddr, j);
    }

    @Override
    public Socket createSocket(String s, int i) throws IOException {
        return factory.createSocket(s, i);
    }

    @Override
    public String[] getDefaultCipherSuites() {
        return factory.getDefaultCipherSuites();
    }

    @Override
    public String[] getSupportedCipherSuites() {
        return factory.getSupportedCipherSuites();
    }
}

MailTrustManager

package com.rymcu.forest.util;

import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;

public class MailTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
    public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] cert, String authType) {
        // everything is trusted
    }

    public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] cert, String authType) {
        // everything is trusted
    }

    public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
        return new X509Certificate[0];
    }
}

发送邮件

JavaMailService 定义邮件相关接口

public interface JavaMailService {
    /**
     * 发送验证码邮件
     *
     * @param email 收件人邮箱
     * @return 执行结果 0：失败1：成功
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    Integer sendEmailCode(String email) throws MessagingException;

    /**
     * 发送找回密码邮件
     *
     * @param email 收件人邮箱
     * @return 执行结果 0：失败1：成功
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    Integer sendForgetPasswordEmail(String email) throws MessagingException;

    /**
     * 发送下消息通知
     *
     * @param notification
     * @return
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    Integer sendNotification(NotificationDTO notification) throws MessagingException;
}

JavaMailServiceImpl 邮件接口实现

@Service
public class JavaMailServiceImpl implements JavaMailService {

    /**
     * Java邮件发送器
     */
    @Resource
    private JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;
    @Resource
    private RedisService redisService;
    @Resource
    private UserService userService;
    /**
     * thymeleaf模板引擎
     */
    @Resource
    private TemplateEngine templateEngine;

    @Value("${spring.mail.host}")
    private String SERVER_HOST;
    @Value("${spring.mail.port}")
    private String SERVER_PORT;
    @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
    private String USERNAME;
    @Value("${spring.mail.password}")
    private String PASSWORD;
    @Value("${resource.domain}")
    private String BASE_URL;

    @Override
    public Integer sendEmailCode(String email) throws MessagingException {
        return sendCode(email, 0);
    }

    @Override
    public Integer sendForgetPasswordEmail(String email) throws MessagingException {
        return sendCode(email, 1);
    }

    @Override
    public Integer sendNotification(NotificationDTO notification) throws MessagingException {
        User user = userService.findById(String.valueOf(notification.getIdUser()));
        if (NotificationConstant.Comment.equals(notification.getDataType())) {
            String url = notification.getDataUrl();
            String thymeleafTemplatePath = "mail/commentNotification";
            Map<String, Object> thymeleafTemplateVariable = new HashMap<String, Object>(4);
            thymeleafTemplateVariable.put("user", notification.getAuthor().getUserNickname());
            thymeleafTemplateVariable.put("articleTitle", notification.getDataTitle());
            thymeleafTemplateVariable.put("content", notification.getDataSummary());
            thymeleafTemplateVariable.put("url", url);

            sendTemplateEmail(USERNAME,
                    new String[]{user.getEmail()},
                    new String[]{},
                    "【RYMCU】 消息通知",
                    thymeleafTemplatePath,
                    thymeleafTemplateVariable);
            return 1;
        }
        return 0;
    }

    private Integer sendCode(String to, Integer type) throws MessagingException {
        SimpleMailMessage simpleMailMessage = new SimpleMailMessage();
        simpleMailMessage.setFrom(USERNAME);
        simpleMailMessage.setTo(to);
        if (type == 0) {
            Integer code = Utils.genCode();
            redisService.set(to, code, 5 * 60);
            simpleMailMessage.setSubject("新用户注册邮箱验证");
            simpleMailMessage.setText("【RYMCU】您的校验码是 " + code + ",有效时间 5 分钟，请不要泄露验证码给其他人。如非本人操作,请忽略！");
            mailSender.send(simpleMailMessage);
            return 1;
        } else if (type == 1) {
            String code = Utils.entryptPassword(to);
            String url = BASE_URL + "/forget-password?code=" + code;
            redisService.set(code, to, 15 * 60);

            String thymeleafTemplatePath = "mail/forgetPasswordTemplate";
            Map<String, Object> thymeleafTemplateVariable = new HashMap<String, Object>(1);
            thymeleafTemplateVariable.put("url", url);

            sendTemplateEmail(USERNAME,
                    new String[]{to},
                    new String[]{},
                    "【RYMCU】 找回密码",
                    thymeleafTemplatePath,
                    thymeleafTemplateVariable);
            return 1;
        }
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * 发送thymeleaf模板邮件
     *
     * @param deliver                   发送人邮箱名 如： returntmp@163.com
     * @param receivers                 收件人，可多个收件人 如：11111@qq.com,2222@163.com
     * @param carbonCopys               抄送人，可多个抄送人 如：33333@sohu.com
     * @param subject                   邮件主题 如：您收到一封高大上的邮件，请查收。
     * @param thymeleafTemplatePath     邮件模板 如：mailmailTemplate.html。
     * @param thymeleafTemplateVariable 邮件模板变量集
     */
    public void sendTemplateEmail(String deliver, String[] receivers, String[] carbonCopys, String subject, String thymeleafTemplatePath,
                                  Map<String, Object> thymeleafTemplateVariable) throws MessagingException {
        String text = null;
        if (thymeleafTemplateVariable != null && thymeleafTemplateVariable.size() > 0) {
            Context context = new Context();
            thymeleafTemplateVariable.forEach((key, value) -> context.setVariable(key, value));
            text = templateEngine.process(thymeleafTemplatePath, context);
        }
        sendMimeMail(deliver, receivers, carbonCopys, subject, text, true, null);
    }

    /**
     * 发送的邮件(支持带附件/html类型的邮件)
     *
     * @param deliver             发送人邮箱名 如： returntmp@163.com
     * @param receivers           收件人，可多个收件人 如：11111@qq.com,2222@163.com
     * @param carbonCopys         抄送人，可多个抄送人 如：3333@sohu.com
     * @param subject             邮件主题 如：您收到一封高大上的邮件，请查收。
     * @param text                邮件内容 如：测试邮件逗你玩的。 <html><body><img
     *                            src="cid:attchmentFileName"></body></html>
     * @param attachmentFilePaths 附件文件路径 如：
     *                            需要注意的是addInline函数中资源名称attchmentFileName需要与正文中cid:attchmentFileName对应起来
     * @throws Exception 邮件发送过程中的异常信息
     */
    private void sendMimeMail(String deliver, String[] receivers, String[] carbonCopys, String subject, String text,
                              boolean isHtml, String[] attachmentFilePaths) throws MessagingException {
        StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();

        stopWatch.start();
        MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true);
        helper.setFrom(deliver);
        helper.setTo(receivers);
        helper.setCc(carbonCopys);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(text, isHtml);
        // 添加邮件附件
        if (attachmentFilePaths != null && attachmentFilePaths.length > 0) {
            for (String attachmentFilePath : attachmentFilePaths) {
                File file = new File(attachmentFilePath);
                if (file.exists()) {
                    String attachmentFile = attachmentFilePath
                            .substring(attachmentFilePath.lastIndexOf(File.separator));
                    long size = file.length();
                    if (size > 1024 * 1024) {
                        String msg = String.format("邮件单个附件大小不允许超过1MB，[%s]文件大小[%s]。", attachmentFilePath,
                                file.length());
                        throw new RuntimeException(msg);
                    } else {
                        FileSystemResource fileSystemResource = new FileSystemResource(file);
                        helper.addInline(attachmentFile, fileSystemResource);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        mailSender.send(mimeMessage);
        stopWatch.stop();

    }

}

JavaMailServiceTest 单元测试

/**
 * javaMail测试
 */
class JavaMailServiceTest extends BaseServiceTest {

    private static final String REALITY_EMAIL = "xxxx@qq.com";
    @Autowired
    private JavaMailService javaMailService;

    @Test
    void sendEmailCode() throws MessagingException {
        assertEquals(1, javaMailService.sendEmailCode(REALITY_EMAIL));
    }

    @Test
    void sendForgetPasswordEmail() throws MessagingException {
        assertEquals(1, javaMailService.sendForgetPasswordEmail(REALITY_EMAIL));
    }

    @Test
    void sendNotification() throws MessagingException {
        assertEquals(0, javaMailService.sendNotification(new NotificationDTO()));

    }
}

最后我们测试上面发送验证码函数：sendEmailCode （上面的 xxxx@qq.com 替换为自己的收件人邮箱）

最终发送成功

参考链接

SpringBoot 集成 163 邮件发送详细配置，从 163 邮箱开始配置^[6]
SpringBoot 之发送邮件 | SPRING TUTORIAL (dunwu.github.io)^[7]
SpringBoot 系列（十四）集成邮件发送服务及邮件发送的几种方式^[8]
阿里云服务器不能发邮件禁用 25 端口的三种解决方法^[9]
Spring Boot 配置 ssl 发送 Email_mail.smtp.ssl.enable^[10]
Spring Boot 发送邮件全解析^[11]

参考资料

[1]

Spring Email 指南: https://www.baeldung.com/spring-email

[2]

36. Sending Email (spring.io): https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.3.RELEASE/reference/html/boot-features-email.html

[3]

MailProperties.java at v2.0.3.RELEASE: https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/blob/v2.0.3.RELEASE/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/mail/MailProperties.java

[4]

阿里云官方文档: https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/57780.html

[5]

rymcu/forest: forest(森林): https://github.com/rymcu/forest

[6]

SpringBoot 集成 163 邮件发送详细配置，从 163 邮箱开始配置: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44723016/article/details/126730422

[7]

SpringBoot 之发送邮件 | SPRING TUTORIAL (dunwu.github.io): https://dunwu.github.io/spring-tutorial/pages/2586f1/#api

[8]

SpringBoot 系列（十四）集成邮件发送服务及邮件发送的几种方式: https://www.cnblogs.com/swzx-1213/p/12856056.html

[9]

阿里云服务器不能发邮件禁用 25 端口的三种解决方法: https://www.cnblogs.com/axinno1/p/8303130.html