SpringSecurity是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。由于它是Spring生态系统中的一员，因此它伴随着整个Spring生态系统不断修正、升级，在springboot项目中加入Spring Security更是十分简单,使用SpringSecurity减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。
Spring Security的前身是Acegi Security，在被收纳为Spring子项目后正式更名为SpringSecurity。笔者在完成这篇文章时，SpringSecurity已经升级到了5.5.1版本（5.3.10.RELEASE），SpringSecurity5.x以后不仅增加了原生的OAuth框架，还支持更加现代化的密码加密方式，可以预见，在java应用安全领域，SpringSecurity会成为首先被推崇的安全解决方案。
3.2.1 创建maven工程
创建maven工程 ,工程结构如下：
引入以下依赖：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.uncle</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-springmvc</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
<version>5.1.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
<version>5.1.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.8</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>security-springmvc</finalName>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<encoding>utf-8</encoding>
<useDefaultDelimiters>true</useDefaultDelimiters>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
<includes>
<include>**/*</include>
</includes>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
3.2.2 Spring容器配置
package com.uncle.security.springmvc.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
/**
* @program: security-springmvc
* @description:
* @author: 步尔斯特
* @create: 2021-07-22 21:26
*/
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.uncle.security.springmvc"
,excludeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, value = Controller.class)})
public class ApplicationConfig {
}
3.2.4 Servlet Context配置
package com.uncle.security.springmvc.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
/**
* @program: security-springmvc
* @description:
* @author: 步尔斯特
* @create: 2021-07-22 21:34
*/
@Configuration//就相当于springmvc.xml文件
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.uncle.security.springmvc"
,includeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)})
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
//视频解析器
@Bean
public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){
InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/view/");
viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
return viewResolver;
}
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("redirect:/login");
}
}
此处插一句题外话，有人问我这个配置什么意思
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("redirect:/login");
}
这个配置确实不常见，但是确实有很大用处，其实理解起来也很容易，上面的写法等同于如下的写法
@Controller
public class TestContrller {
@RequestMapping("/test")
public String test() {
return "redirect:/login";
}
}
这时可能会有同学问，如果当redirect后的字符串同时存在于url和页面会重定向哪里，经笔者验证后，答案是页面的优先级会更高，感兴趣的读者可以自行去验证，笔者就不再赘述。
3.2.4 加载Spring容器
在init包下定义Spring容器初始化类SpringApplicationlnitializer,此类实现WebApplicationlnitializer接口, Spring容器启动时加载WebApplicationlnitializer接口的所有实现类。
package com.uncle.security.springmvc.init;
import com.uncle.security.springmvc.config.ApplicationConfig;
import com.uncle.security.springmvc.config.WebConfig;
import com.uncle.security.springmvc.config.WebSecurityConfig;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
/**
* @program: security-springmvc
* @description:
* @author: 步尔斯特
* @create: 2021-07-22 21:47
*/
public class SpringApplicationInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
//spring容器，相当于加载 applicationContext.xml
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{ApplicationConfig.class, WebSecurityConfig.class};
}
//servletContext，相当于加载springmvc.xml
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
}
//url-mapping
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
}
原文始发于微信公众号（步尔斯特）：【微服务｜Spring Security⑥】初识Spring Security｜工程搭建
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